People with lived experience of dual diagnosis face specific challenges in that they have struggled with both severe mental illness and substance use disorder simultaneously. I conducted a 6-year ethnographic study with poor African Americans with lived experience of dual diagnosis in Washington, DC, to assess barriers and facilitators to recovery. In this paper, I analyze the relationship between religion and recovery. I set out to answer two research questions: (a) What is the self-identified role of religious commitment and activity in participants’ recovery from dual diagnosis? (b) What (if any) religious activities, notions, and resources are positively harnessed to enhance recovery? I found high levels of Christian religiosity among participants. Participants perceived their ongoing recovery as a process reliant upon (a) an intimate and personal relationship with God, and (b) engagement in certain core private religious activities, most notably prayer, reading of scripture, and listening to religiously inspired radio, television, or music. Participants’ religiosity was underpinned by a Pauline theology of transformation and reconciliation. Psychiatric services serving an African American clientele with lived experience of dual diagnosis may increase effectiveness by better harnessing client religiosity to assist recovery.
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