Based on two years of ethnographic fieldwork at the Centro Frantz Fanon, an ethnopsychiatric clinic in Northern Italy, this article traces the theoretical and clinical genealogy of Italian ethnopsychiatry as it is conceived and practiced at this clinic. The clinic draws explicitly from the work of Fanon and French ethnopsychologist Tobie Nathan. This genealogy provides a basis for reflection on the ways in which current ethnopsychiatry re-articulates older questions about difference and healing, culture and suffering, and the political dimensions of psychiatry. Although ethnopsychiatry is currently focused on the care of migrants, key issues related to the impact of colonialism on mental illness and the recognition of cultural difference characterized the Italian debate long before the 1980s when increasing numbers of migrants and political refugees started to arrive in Italy.
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