Numerous scholars have observed that neo-liberal rationalities have resulted in the replacement of interventionist State-run welfare initiatives with community-based risk managing schemes in a process called responsibilization. These risk management policies have become influential in the domain of crime prevention and in the shaping of the future conduct of the ‘at-risk’ youth. This article details, ethnographically, the goals and activities of 10 responsibilized community-based organizations and the conceptualization of ‘risk’ by practitioners from these organizations. The findings suggest that social abandonment and surveillance-centered risk management schemes co-exist with welfarist notions. The findings have implications about whether crime prevention is as post-welfarist as some theorists maintain.
ArmstrongS (2002) Punishing not-for-profit: Implications of nonprofit privatization in juvenile punishment. Punishment & Society4(3): 345–368.
2.
BeckettKWesternB (2001) Governing social marginality: Welfare, incarceration, and the transformation of state policy. Punishment & Society3(1): 43–59.
3.
BourdieuP (1977) Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4.
BridgesGCrutchfieldR (1988) Law, social standing, and racial disparities in imprisonment. Social Forces66: 699–724.
5.
Bureau of Justice Assistance (1997) Crime prevention and community policing: A vital partnership. US Department of Justice. Available at: http://www.ncjrs.gov/txtfiles/166819.txt (accessed 9 February 2009).
6.
CieslikMPollockG (2002) Introduction: Studying young people in late modernity. In: CieslikMPollockG (eds) Young People in Risk Society: The Restructuring of Youth Identities and Transitions in Late Modernity. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 1–21.
7.
CrawfordA (1999) The Local Governance of Crime: Appeals to Community and Partnerships. Oxford: Claredon Press.
8.
CrawfordA (2006) Networked governance and the post-regulatory state? Steering, rowing and anchoring the provision of policing and security. Theoretical Criminology10(4): 449–479.
9.
DouglasM (1992) Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory. London: Routledge.
10.
EdwardsAHughesG (2005) Comparing the governance of safety in Europe: A geo-historical approach. Theoretical Criminology9(3): 345–363.
11.
EricsonRVDoyleA (2002) Risk and morality. In: EricsonRVDoyleA (eds) Risk and Morality. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 1–10.
12.
FeeleyMMSimonJ (1992) The new penology: Notes on the emerging strategy of corrections and its implications. Criminology30(4): 449–474.
13.
GarlandD (2001) The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
14.
GarlandD (2002) The rise of risk. In: EricsonRVDoyleA (eds) Risk and Morality. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 48–86.
15.
GiddensA (1984) The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuaration. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
16.
GoddardTMyersR (2011) Democracy and demonstration in the grey area of neo-liberalism. British Journal of Criminology51(4): 652–670.
17.
GrayP (2009) The political economy of risk and the new governance of youth crime. Punishment & Society11(4): 443–458.
18.
HainesKCaseS (2008) The rhetoric and reality of the ‘risk factor prevention paradigm’ approach to preventing and reducing youth offending. Youth Justice8(1): 5–20.
19.
HallsworthSLeaJ (2011) Reconstructing Leviathan: Emerging contours of the security state. Theoretical Criminology15(2): 141–157.
20.
HayesMV (1992) On the epistemology of risk: Language, logic and social science. Social Science & Medicine35(4): 401–407.
21.
HughesG (1998) Understanding Crime Prevention: Social Control, Risk and Late Modernity. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press.
22.
HughesG (2007) The Politics of Crime and Community. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
23.
HutchinsonS (2006) Countering catastrophic criminology: Reform, punishment and the modern liberal compromise. Punishment & Society8(4): 443–467.
KemshallH (1998) Risk in Probation Practice. Aldershot: Ashgate.
26.
KemshallH (2003) Understanding Risk in Criminal Justice. Buckingham: Open University Press.
27.
LeaJStensonK (2007) Security, sovereignty, and non-state governance ‘from below’. Canadian Journal of Law and Society22(2): 9–27.
28.
LynchM (1998) Waste managers? The new penology, crime fighting and the parole agent identity. Law and Society Review32(4): 839–869.
29.
LynchM (2010) Sunbelt Justice: Arizona and the Transformation of American Punishment. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
30.
MauruttoPHannah-MoffatK (2006) Assembling risk and the restructuring of penal control. British Journal of Criminology46(3): 438–454.
31.
MillerLL (2001a) Looking for postmodernism in all the wrong places: Implementing a new penology. British Journal of Criminology41(1): 168–184.
32.
MillerLL (2001b) The Politics of Community Crime Prevention: Implementing Operation Weed and Seed in Seattle. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company.
33.
MuncieJ (2006) Governing young people: Coherence and contradiction in contemporary youth justice. Critical Social Policy26(4): 770–793.
34.
MuncieJHughesG (2002) Modes of youth governance: Political rationalities, criminalization and resistance. In: MuncieJHughesGMcLaughlinE (eds) Youth Justice: Critical Readings. London: SAGE, pp. 1–18.
O’MalleyP (2001) Risk, crime and prudentialism revisited. In: StensonKSullivanRR (eds) Crime, Risks and Justice: The Politics of Crime Control in Liberal Democracies. Portland, OR: Willan Publishing, pp. 89–103.
37.
O’MalleyP (2004) The uncertain promise of risk. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology37(3): 323–343.
38.
O’MalleyP (2010) Crime and Risk. London: SAGE.
39.
O’MalleyPHutchinsonS (2007) Reinventing prevention: Why did crime prevention develop so late?British Journal of Criminology47(3): 373–389.
40.
PetersiliaJ (2002) Community corrections. In: WilsonJQPetersiliaJ (eds) Crime: Public Policies for Crime Control. Oakland, CA: Institute for Contemporary Studies, pp. 433–508.
41.
PlattAM (1969) The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
42.
RoseN (1996) Governing advanced liberal democracies. In: BarryAOsborneTRoseN (eds) Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-liberalism and Rationalities of Government. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 37–64.
43.
RoseN (2000) Government and control. British Journal of Criminology40(2): 321–339.
44.
ShawCRMcKayHD (1942) Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
45.
ShermanLWGottfredsonDMacKenzieDEckJReuterPBushwayS (1997) Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn’t, What’s Promising. Research Report. NCJ 165366. Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
46.
TonryMFarringtonDP (1995) Strategic approaches to crime prevention. In: TonryMFarringtonDP (eds) Building a Safer Society: Strategic Approaches to Crime. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
