Two studies were conducted to examine the use of the Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds for detecting autism spectrum disorder in toddlers aged 18–24 months. Study 1 used receiver operating characteristics to select a cutoff score for the Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds. It involved two groups of 16 toddlers each, one group with toddlers having autism spectrum disorder and the other group with chronological and mental age-matched toddlers with developmental delay. The result suggested that a cutoff of 2.50 would yield high sensitivity and specificity. In Study 2, we recruited 136 toddlers—30 with autism spectrum disorder, 33 with mild-autism spectrum disorder, and 73 with developmental delay. Using 2.50 as the cutoff score, the concurrent agreement between Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds risk and clinical diagnosis and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule yielded high sensitivity and specificity. The results of this study indicated that the Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds can be used as a Level 2 autism-specific screening tool for the 18–24 months age group.
Lay abstract
The benefits of early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder highlight the importance of early diagnosis. Reliable diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder can be made before 24 months of age. However, many children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at a later age. Delayed diagnosis can occur for children with less severe symptoms and lead to missed opportunities for early intervention. This current study was executed to examine the Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds in detecting autism spectrum disorder in toddlers between 18 and 24 months of age. One strength of this study was the inclusion of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder or mild-autism spectrum disorder using the strict and relaxed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) criteria for autism spectrum disorder simultaneously. The results of this study supported that diagnosis of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder could be made reliable before 24 months of age. And the Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds was a Level 2 autism-specific screening tool for toddlers aged from 18 to 24 months in Taiwan.
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