Clinical Signs,Symptoms and Treatment of Dysphagia in the Neurologically Disabled

Bosma JF Sensorimotor examination of the mouth and pharynx. Frontiers of oral physiology. 1976;2:78-107.

DeJong RN Case taking and the neurologic examination. In: Baker AB , Baker LH (eds.) Clinical neurology, vol 1. New York: Harper and Row, 1976;28-37.

Buchholz DW Neurologic causes of dysphagia. Dysphagia 1987; 1: 152-156.

Buchholz DW Neurologic evaluation of dysphagia. Dysphagia 1987;1: 187-192.

Gelperin A. Sudden death in an elderly population from aspiration of food. JAm Geriatr Soc 1974; 12:135-136.

Hughes CV , Baum BJ , Cox PC , Marmary Y. , Yeh CK , Sonies BC Oralpharyngeal dysphagia: a common sequel of salivary gland dysfunction. Dysphagia 1987;1:173-177.

Fox, PC , van der Ven PF , Sonies BC , Weiffenbach JM , Baum BJ Xerostomia: evaluation of a symptom with increasing significance. J Am Dent Assoc 1985; 110; 519-525.

Hollshwandner CH , Brenman HS , Friedman Mhf. Role of afferent sensors in the initiation of swallowing in man. J Dent Res 1974;54:83-88.

Coster ST , Schwarz WF Rheology and the swallow-safe bolus. Dysphagia 1987;1:113-118.

Groher ME Bolus management and aspiration pneumonia in patients with pseudobulbar dysphagia . Dysphagia 1987; 1:215-216.

Bucholz DW , Marsh BA Multifactorial dyspahgia: looking for a second treatable cause. Dysphagia 1986;1:88-90.

Zaino C. , Benevento TC Radiologic examination of the orohypopharynx and esophagus. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1977 .

Ekberg O. , Nylander G. Cineradiography of the pharyngeal stage of deglutition in 250 patients with dysphagia. Brit J Radio 1982;55:258-262.

Donner MW , Bosma J. , Robertson D. Anatomy and physiology of the pharynx. Gastrointest Radiol 1985;10:196-212.

Logemann JA A manual for the videofluoroscopic assessment of swallowing. San Diego: College Hill Press, 1986 .

Curtis DJ Radiographic anatomy of the pharynx. Dysphagia 1987;1:51-62.

Rubesin SW , Jessurun J. , Robertson D. , Jones B. , Bosma JF , Donner MW Lines of the pharynx. Radiographics 1987; 7:217-237.

Buchholz DW , Bosma JF , Donner MW Adaptation compensation and decompensation of the pharyngeal swallow. Gastroenterology Radiol 1985;10:235-239.

Donner MW , Silbiger ML Cinefluorographic analysis of pharyngeal swallowing in neuromuscular disorders . Am J Med Sci 1966;134:600-616.

Zerhouni EA , Bosma JF , Donner MV Relationship of cervical spine disorders to dysphagia. Dysphagia 1987;1: 129-144.

Anderson DJ Mastication. In: Code CF , ed. Handbook of physiology, vol 4. Washington, DC: American Physiological Society, 1968;1811-1820.

Luschei ES , Goldberg LJ Neural mechanisms of mandibular control: mastication and voluntary biting. Handbook of plysiology, vol 2. Washington, DC: American Physiological Society, 1981:1237-1272.

Logemann JA Diagnosis and treatment of swallowing disorders. San Diego : College-Hill Press, 1983.

Bonanno PC Swallowing dysfunction after tracheotomy. Ann Stirg 1971;174:29-33.

Irwin RS , Ashba JK , Braman SS , Lee HY , Corrao WM Food asphyxiation in hospitalized patients. JAMA 1977; 237:2744.

Irwin MM Openbrier DR A delicate balance: nutritional support of ventilator COPD patients. Am J Nursing 1985; Mar:275-280.

Groher ME Dysphagia: diagnosis and management. Wobuth. MA, Butterworths , 1984.

Ravich WJ , Kashiha H. , Donner MW Drug-induced esophagitis simulating esophageal carcinoma. Dysphagia 1986; 1: 13-18.

Kirkendall, JW , Friedman AC , Oyewole MA , Fleischer D. , Johnson LS Pill-induced esophageal injury. Digestive Dis 1983;28:174-182.

Van Trappen G , Hellemans J. Diseases of the esophagus Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1974 .

I. Demeester TR , Johnson LF , Joseph GJ , Toscano MS , Hall AW , Skiner DB Patterns of gastroesophageal reflux in health and disease. Ann Surg 1976;) 184:459-470.

Byrne WJ , Euler AR , Ashcraft E. , Nash DG , Seibert JJ , Golladay ES Gastroesophageal reflux in the severely retarded who vomit: criteria for results of surgical intervention in twenty-two patients. Surgery 1982;91: 95-98.

Holmes TW Jr. Chalasia, peptic esophagitis, and hiatal hernia: a common syndrome in patients with central nervous system disease. Chest 1971;60:441--445.

Haugen RK The cafe coronary: sudden deaths in restaurants. JAMA 1963;186:142-143.

Heimlich HJ Rehabilitation of swallowing after stroke. Ann Otolrhinolaryngology 1983;92:357-359.

Heimlich HJ The Heimlich Maneuver. Emergency Med 1978;10:89-101.

Heimlich HJ Patients relearn swallowing process. JAMA 1979;241:2355-2360.

Lazzara GD , Lazarus C. , Logemann JA Impact of thermal stimulation on the triggering of the swallowing reflex. Dysphagia 1986;1:73-77.

Ramsey WO Suckle facilitation of feeding in selected dysphagic patients. Dysphagia 1986; 1:7-12.

Bosma JF Development of feeding. Clin Nutr 1986;5:210-218.

Bosma JF Oral and pharyngeal development and function. Physiology Reviewed 1963;37:275-300.

Lieberman AN , Horowitz L. , Redmond P. , Pachter L. , Lieberman I. , Leibowitz M. Dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease. Am J Gastraenterol 1980;74:157-160.

Schneider JS , Diamond SG , Markham CH Deficits in orofacial sensorimotor function in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1985;19:275-282.

DeJong RN. Case taking and neurologic examination. Clin Neurol 1976;1:28-37.

Veis S. , Logemann J. Swallowing disorders in persons with cerebrovascular accident. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985; 66:372-375.

Winstein CJ Neurogenic dysphagia: frequency, progression, and outcome in adults following head injury. Phys Ther 1983;63:1992-1997.

Bosma JF , Brodie DR Disabilities of the pharynx in ALS as demonstrated by cineradiography. Radiology 1969;92: 97-103.

Robbins J. Swallowing in ALS and motor neuron disorders. Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders Company. Neurologic Clinics, 1987;5:213-229.

Weg AL , Miskovitz PF Methods and procedures: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) a critical appraisal. Dysphagia 1987; 1:227-231.

Korteg RL Breathing and feeding: can you have one without the other? Chest 1984;85:298-299.