Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Patients under Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Possibilities beyond the Standard Procedures
Free accessResearch articleFirst published online February, 2005
Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Patients under Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Possibilities beyond the Standard Procedures
SchapiraA.H.Primary and secondary defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease2002; 25: 207–214.
4.
CasademontJ., BarrientosA., GrauJ.M., PedrolE., EstivillX., Urbano-MarquezA., & NunesV.The effect of zidovudine on skeletal muscle mtDNA in HIV-1 infected patients with mild or no muscle dysfunction.Brain1996; 119: 1357–1364.
CoteH.C., BrummeZ.L., CraibK.J., AlexanderC.S., WynhovenB., TingL., WongH., HarrisM., HarriganP.R., O'ShaughnessyM.V., & MontanerJ.S.Changes in mitochondrial DNA as a marker of nucleoside toxicity in HIV-infected patients.New England Journal of Medicine2002; 346: 811–820.
7.
CasademontJ., MiróO., & CardellachF.Mitochondrial DNA and nucleoside toxicity.New England Journal of Medicine2002; 347: 217.
8.
WalkerU.A., BickelM., Lutke VolksbeckS.I., KetelsenU.P., SchoferH., SetzerB., VenhoffN., RickertsV., & StaszewskiS.Evidence of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor-associated genetic and structural defects of mitochondria in adipose tissue of HIV-infected patients.Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes2002; 29: 117–121.
9.
MiroO., LopezS., PedrolE., Rodriguez-SantiagoB., MartinezE., SolerA., MilinkovicA., CasademontJ., NunesV., GatellJ.M., & CardellachF.Mitochondrial DNA depletion and respiratory chain enzyme deficiencies are present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients with HAART-related lipodystrophy.Antiviral Therapy2003; 8: 333–338.
10.
MiroO., LopezS., MartinezE., Rodriguez-SantiagoB., BlancoJ.L., MilinkovicA., MiroJ.M., NunesV., CasademontJ., GatellJ.M., & CardellachF.Short communication: reversible mitochondrial respiratory chain impairment during symptomatic hyperlactatemia associated with antiretroviral therapy.AIDS Research & Human Retroviruses2003; 19: 1027–1032.
11.
CossarizzaA., & MoyleG.Antiretroviral nucleoside and nucleotide analogues and mitochondria.AIDS2004; 18: 137–151.
de MartinoM., ZammarchiE., FilippiL., DonatiM.A., MannelliF., GalliL., & VierucciA.Redox potential status in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection treated with zidovudine.AIDS1995; 9: 1381–1383.
14.
ArmuzziA., MarcocciaS., ZoccoM.A., De LorenzoA., GriecoA., TondiP., PolaP., GasbarriniG., & GasbarriniA.Non-invasive assessment of human hepatic mitochondrial function through the 13C-methionine breath test.Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology2000; 35: 650–653.
15.
CandelliM., CazzatoI.A., ZoccoM.A., NistaE.C., FiniL., ArmuzziA., CamiseV., SantoroM., MieleL., GriecoA., GasbarriniG., & GasbarriniA.13C-breath tests in the study of mitochondrial liver function.European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences2004; 8: 23–31.
16.
MilazzoL., RivaA., SangalettiO., PiazzaM., AntinoriS., & MoroniM.13C-methionine breath test detects liver mitochondrial impairment in HIV-infected patients with antiretroviral drug-related hyperlactatemia.Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes2004; 35: 429–432.
17.
BanaschM., GoetzeO., HollbornI., HochdorferB., BrockmeyerN., SchmidtW.E., & SchmitzF.Non-invasive assessment of hepatic mitochondrial toxicity in HIV-infected patients with normal serum lactate by 13C-methionine breath test.Antiviral Therapy2004; 9: L19.
18.
VersalovicJ.Helicobacter pylori. Pathology and diagnostic strategies.American Journal of Clinical Pathology2003; 119: 403–412.
19.
ATS/ACCP.Statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing.American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine2003; 167: 211–277.
TaivassaloT., JensenT.D., KennawayN., DiMauroS., VissingJ., & HallerR.G.The spectrum of exercise tolerance in mitochondrial myopathies: a study of 40 patients.Brain2003; 126: 413–423.
23.
TesiorowskiA.M., HarrisM., ChanK.J., ThompsonC.R., & MontanerJ.S.Anaerobic threshold and random venous lactate levels among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy.Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes2002; 31: 250–251.
24.
ChapplainJ.M., BeillotJ., BegueJ.M., SoualaF., BouvierC., ArvieuxC., TattevinP., DupontM., ChaponF., DuvauferrierR., HespelJ.P., RochcongarP., & MicheletC.Mitochondrial abnormalities in HIV-infected lipoatrophic patients treated with antiretroviral agents.Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes2004; 37: 1477–1488.
25.
RogeB.T., CalbetJ.A., MollerK., UllumH., HendelH.W., GerstoftJ., & PedersenB.K.Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and exercise capacity in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy and elevated p-lactate levels.AIDS2002; 16: 973–982.
26.
JohnsonJ.E., AndersG.T., BlantonH.M., HawkesC.E., BushB.A., McAllisterC.K., & MatthewsJ.I.Exercise dysfunction in patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus.American Review of Respiratory Disease1990; 141: 618–622.
27.
StringerW.W.Mechanisms of exercise limitation in HIV+ individuals.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise2000; 32 (7 Suppl): S412–S421.
SanjurjoE., LagunoM., BediniJ.L., MiroO., & GrauJ.M.Forearm ischemic exercise test. Standardization and diagnostic value in the identification of McArdle disease.Medicina Clinica2004; 122: 761–766.
30.
ClarkJ.B., BatesT.E., BoakyeP., KuimovA., & LandJ.M.Investigation mitochondrial defects in brain and skeletal muscle. In A Practical Approach to the Investigation of Metabolic Disease, 1996, pp. 151–174. Edited by TurnerA.J., & BatchelardH.S.. Oxford: IRL Press, Oxford University Press.
31.
Dysgaard JeppesenT., OlsenD., & VissingJ.Cycle ergometry is not a sensitive diagnostic test for mitochondrial myopathy.Journal of Neurology2003; 250: 293–299.
32.
JensenT.D., Kazemi-EsfarjaniP., SkomorowskaE., & VissingJ.A forearm exercise screening test for mitochondrial myopathy.Neurology2002; 58: 1533–1538.
33.
GarrabouG., LópezS., SanjurjoE., InfanteA., RibaJ., CasademontJ., CardellachF., & MiróÒ. Mitochondrial dysfunction of HAART-related hyperlactataemia is demonstrable by non-invasive studies.Antiviral Therapy2004; 9: L24.
34.
AbeK., MatsuoY., KadekawaJ., InoueS., & YanagiharaT.Measurement of tissue oxygen consumption in patients with mitochondrial myopathy by noninvasive tissue oximetry.Neurology1997; 49: 837–841.
35.
BeekveltM., EngelenB., WeversR., & ColierW.Quantitative near-infrared spectroscopy discriminates between mitochondrial myopathies and normal muscle.Annals of Neurology1999; 46: 667–670.
36.
ParryA., & MatthewsP.M.Roles for imaging in understanding the patophysiology, clinical evaluation, and management of patients with mitochondrial disease.Journal of Neuroimaging2003; 13: 293–302.
37.
ArgovZ., De StefanoN., & ArnoldD.L.ADP recovery after a brief ischemic exercise in normal and diseased human muscle - a 31P MRS study.NMR in Biomedicine1996; 9: 165–172.
38.
MatthewsP.M., AllaireC., ShoubridgeE.A., KarpatiG., CarpenterS., & ArnoldD.L.In vivo muscle magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the clinical investigation of mitochondrial disease.Neurology1991; 41: 114–120.
39.
MatteiJ.P., BendahanD., & CozzoneP.P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A tool for diagnostic purposes and pathophysiological insights in muscle diseases.Reumatismo2004; 56: 9–14.
40.
ArgovZ.Functional evaluation techniques in mitochondrial disorders.European Neurology1998; 39: 65–71.
41.
CeaG., BendahanD., MannersD., Hilton-JonesD., LodiR., StylesP., & TaylorD.J.Reduced oxidative phosphorylation and proton efflux suggest reduced capillary blood supply in skeletal muscle of patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis: a quantitative 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI study.Brain2002; 125: 1635–1645.