Mood changes in four male participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were observed following their participation in a 15-session song-singing programme. An analysis of the song material was undertaken to categorise the songs according to the predominant mood they portrayed. Results showed significant differences between participants for all moods (p<0.001). Immediate effects were reversed where participants experienced increases in sadness, anger, fear and fatigue. Long-term effects were significant for some participants who reported increased feelings of happiness and decreased feelings of sadness, fear, confusion, tension and fatigue in the long-term. Characteristics of the songs chosen for therapy were typically representative of feelings of sadness. Findings suggest that immediate effects of song-singing intensify and provide cathartic experiences for people with TBI who may have no other space for which to express negative emotions. Long-term effects of song singing have a positive effect on mood state.
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