This study describes the associations between social factors and leisure-time physical activity levels in young people. Important concepts from Bandura's social learning theory and Bourdieu's theory of social position and lifestyles were used as theoretical frameworks. Baseline data were collected from a sample of 827 students (11-14 years old) and their parents in 1979. In 1991, the same students, now aged 23 to 26 years, participated in a follow-up ( N = 514, 62.2 percent of baseline). At the follow-up, females were significantly more physically active if highly educated. The only statistically significant factor associated with males' activity levels was activity levels at baseline. Males were more physically active than females at baseline, but in young adulthood there was no significant gender difference. There was an interaction between gender and education in that highly educated females exercised significantly more than less educated females. This was not the case for males.
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