Perceived influences on body image among Middle Eastern women: A mixed-methods study of social media,family,and peer dynamics

Abstract

This study explores how social media, family, and peer influences are perceived in relation to body image among Middle Eastern women living in the United States. Guided by the Tripartite Influence Model and Social Comparison Theory, the study uses a mixed-method Q-methodology design to identify distinct subjective viewpoints. Participants (N = 40) sorted 48 statements related to body image influence and completed follow-up questionnaires. Factor analysis revealed four shared and distinct perspectives: negative influence from all sources, mixed perceptions, family as a protective buffer, and positive influence from supportive relationships. The findings highlight how media, cultural and relational contexts are interpreted by participants, suggesting implications for health education strategies that promote media literacy, supportive communication, and culturally inclusive messaging. This study expands current health psychology literature by centering an underrepresented population and offering insight into the complex interplay of cultural identity, social relationships, and digital engagement in shaping body image.