Breast self-examination behavior change process and early detection of breast cancer: the role of the transtheoretical model

Abstract

This study explores the process of adopting and maintaining breast self-examination (BSE), a key method for early breast cancer detection in women, using the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) as a theoretical framework. Conducted between February and April 2021 via digital platforms, the study recruited participants through WhatsApp, Instagram, and e-mail. Custom-designed TTM-based scales targeting BSE behavior were administered. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 22 and AMOS 22. Validity analyses included content, criterion, and construct validity, employing both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha, split-half method, Hotelling’s T², item-total correlations, intra-class correlation coefficients, and standard error calculations. The results demonstrated that the developed scales are valid and reliable tools for measuring behavioral change related to BSE. This study underscores the utility of the Transtheoretical Model in understanding women’s health behavior and provides a solid basis for future BSE-focused health education and intervention programs.