Traumatic stress symptoms in civilians after the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war: The protective role of self-compassion and emotional intelligence

Abstract

Exposure to war is linked to negative mental health outcomes. Self-compassion and emotional intelligence may foster post-war adjustment processes differently depending on the time since the event happened. This study examines post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in civilians exposed to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war shortly after and 6 months post-conflict, while investigating self-compassion and emotional intelligence’s protective role. War-exposed civilians self-reported on PTSS, self-compassion, and trait emotional intelligence at two phases. Results showed greater PTSS shortly after war relative to 6 months later. Lower self-compassion scores were related to more PTSS at the first phase, whereas lower emotional intelligence was associated with more symptoms 6 months later. These data show how war-exposed Armenians coped, highlighting individual characteristics’ effects, and suggest varying resource utilization during post-war adjustment. Specifically, self-compassion may be a protective factor shortly after war, whereas emotional intelligence may protect individuals against having adverse health outcomes later on.