Physical activity interventions can improve prostate cancer survivors’ health. Determining the behaviour change techniques used in physical activity interventions can help elucidate the mechanisms by which an intervention successfully changes behaviour. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate behaviour change techniques in physical activity interventions for prostate cancer survivors. A total of 7 databases were searched and 15 studies were retained. The studies included a mean 6.87 behaviour change techniques (range = 3–10), and similar behaviour change techniques were implemented in all studies. Consideration of how behaviour change techniques are implemented may help identify how behaviour change techniques enhance physical activity interventions for prostate cancer survivors.
BaumannFTZopfEMBlochW (2012) Clinical exercise interventions in prostate cancer patients: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Supportive Care in Cancer20: 221–233.
2.
BerglundGPeterssonLMErikssonKC, et al. (2007) ‘Between men’: A psychosocial rehabilitation programme for men with prostate cancer. Acta Oncologica46: 83–89.
3.
BeydounNBucciJAChinYS, et al. (2014) Prospective study of exercise intervention in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology58: 369–376.
4.
BourkeLHomerKEThahaMA, et al. (2013) Interventions for promoting habitual exercise in people living with and beyond cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews9: CD010192.
5.
BourkeLSmithDSteedL, et al. (2016) Exercise for men with prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Urology69: 693–703.
6.
CampoRAAgarwalNLaStayoPC, et al. (2014) Levels of fatigue and distress in senior prostate cancer survivors enrolled in a 12-week randomized controlled trial of Qigong. Journal of Cancer Survivorship: Research and Practice8: 60–69.
Carmack TaylorCLSmithMAMoorC, et al. (2004) Quality of life intervention for prostate cancer patients: Design and baseline characteristics of the active for life after cancer trial. Controlled Clinical Trials25: 265–285.
9.
Carmack TaylorCLDemoorCSmithMA, et al. (2006) Active for life after cancer: A randomized trial examining a lifestyle physical activity program for prostate cancer patients. Psycho-Oncology15: 847–862.
10.
ChamblessDLHollonSD (1998) Defining empirically supported therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology66: 7–18.
11.
Culos-ReedSNRobinsonJLLauH, et al. (2007) Benefits of a physical activity intervention for men with prostate cancer. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology29: 118–127.
12.
Culos-ReedSNRobinsonJWLauH, et al. (2010) Physical activity for men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: Benefits from a 16-week intervention. Supportive Care in Cancer18: 591–599.
13.
FerrerRAHuedo-MedinaTBJohnsonBT, et al. (2011) Exercise interventions for cancer survivors: A meta-analysis of quality of life outcomes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine41: 32–47.
14.
FrenchDPOlanderEKChisholmA, et al. (2014) Which behaviour change techniques are most effective at increasing older adults self-efficacy and physical activity behaviour? A systematic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine48: 225–234.
15.
GalvãoDASpryNTaaffeDR, et al. (2009) A randomized controlled trial of an exercise intervention targeting cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors for prostate cancer patients from the RADAR trial. BMC Cancer9: 419.
16.
GalvãoDASpryNDenhamJ, et al. (2014) A multicentre year-long randomised controlled trial of exercise training targeting physical functioning in men with prostate cancer previously treated with androgen suppression and radiation from TROG 03.04 RADAR. European Urology65: 856–864.
17.
GardnerBSmithLLorencattoF, et al. (2016) How to reduce sitting time? A review of behaviour change strategies used in sedentary behaviour reduction interventions among adults. Health Psychology Review10: 89–112.
18.
GaskinCJFraserSFOwenPJ, et al. (2016) Fitness outcomes from a randomised controlled trial of exercise training for men with prostate cancer: the ENGAGE study. Journal of Cancer Survivorship10: 972–980.
19.
GodinGShephardRJ (1985) A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences10: 141–146.
20.
HigginsJPTGreenS (2011) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 5.1.0). The Cochrane Collaborationg. Available at: http://handbook.cochrane.org
21.
HiltonCEJohnstonLH (2017) Health psychology: It’s not what you do, it’s the way that you do it. Health Psychology Open4: 1–10.
22.
HorvathAODel ReACFluckigerC, et al. (2011) Alliance in individual psychotherapy. Psychotherapy48: 9–16.
23.
KeoghJWMacLeodRD (2012) Body composition, physical fitness, functional performance, quality of life, and fatigue benefits of exercise for prostate cancer patients: A systematic review. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management43: 96–110.
24.
LambertSDDuncanLRKapellasS, et al. (2016) A descriptive systematic review of physical activity interventions for caregivers: Effects on caregivers and care recipients psychosocial outcomes, physical activity levels, and physical health. Annals of Behavioral Medicine50: 907–919.
25.
LarkinLGallagherSCrampF, et al. (2015) Behaviour change interventions to promote physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Rheumatology International35: 1631–1640.
26.
LivingstonPMSalmonJCourneyaKS, et al. (2011) Efficacy of a referral and physical activity program for survivors of prostate cancer [ENGAGE]: Rationale and design for a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Cancer11: 237.
27.
LivingstonPMMohebbiMCraikeMJ, et al. (2015) Effects of a clinician referral and exercise program for men who have completed active treatment for prostate cancer: A multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial (ENGAGE). Cancer121: 2646–2654.
28.
McGowanELNorthSCourneyaKS (2013) Randomized controlled trial of a behavior change intervention to increase physical activity and quality of life in prostate cancer survivors. Annals of Behavioral Medicine46: 382–393.
29.
MartinJChaterALorencattoF (2013) Effective behaviour change techniques in the prevention and management of childhood obesity. International Journal of Obesity37: 1287–1294.
30.
MichieSAbrahamCEcclesMP, et al. (2011) Strengthening evaluation and implementation by specifying components of behaviour change interventions: A study protocol. Implementation Science6: 10.
31.
MichieSAbrahamCWhittingtonC, et al. (2009) Effective techniques in healthy eating and physical activity interventions: A meta-regression. Health Psychology28: 690–701.
32.
MichieSAtkinsLWestR (2014) The Behaviour Change Wheel: A Guide to Designing Interventions. London: Silverback Publishing.
33.
MichieSRichardsonMJohnstonM, et al. (2013) The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: Building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine46: 81–95.
PedersenBKSaltinB (2015) Exercise as medicine – Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports25(Suppl. 3): 1–72.
SajidSDaleWMustianK, et al. (2016) Novel physical activity interventions for older patients with prostate cancer on hormone therapy: A pilot randomized study. Journal of Geriatric Oncology7: 71–80.
38.
Santa MinaDAlibhaiSMMatthewAG, et al. (2013) A randomized trial of aerobic versus resistance exercise in prostate cancer survivors. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity21: 455–478.
39.
Santa MinaDRitvoPMatthewAG, et al. (2012) Group exercise versus personal training for prostate cancer patients: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of Cancer Therapy3: 146–156.
40.
SchmitzKHCourneyaKSMatthewsC, et al. (2010) American College of Sports Medicine roundtable on exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise42: 1409–1426.
41.
SerdaBCMonrealPDel ValleA (2010) Physical exercise as complementary treatment in prostate cancer. Apunts Medicina De L’esport45: 81–93.
42.
ThorsenLCourneyaKStevinsonC, et al. (2008) A systematic review of physical activity in prostate cancer survivors: Outcomes, prevalence, and determinants. Supportive Care in Cancer16: 987–997.
43.
TruongPTGaulCAMcDonaldRE, et al. (2011) Prospective evaluation of a 12-week walking exercise program and its effect on fatigue in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical external beam radiotherapy. American Journal of Clinical Oncology34: 350–355.
44.
WoodCERichardsonMJohnstonM, et al. (2015) Applying the behaviour change technique (BCT) taxonomy v1: A study of coder training. Translational Behavioral Medicine5: 134–148.
45.
ZahavichANRRobinsonJAPaskevichD, et al. (2013) Examining a therapeutic yoga program for prostate cancer survivors. Integrative Cancer Therapies12: 113–125.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
