This study found that children with a history of cancer had higher scores on certain measures of spirituality compared to their healthy peers. Health history was found to significantly moderate the relations among spirituality and outcome variables, such as depression and anxiety. Furthermore, parent–child dyadscancer had more highly correlated scores than parent–child dyadshealthy on both the Depression subscale and the Existential Well-Being subscale, whereas parent–child dyadshealthy had more highly correlated scores than parent–child dyadscancer on the Duality factor. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
BarnesLPlotnikoffGFoxK, et al. (2000) Spirituality, religion, and pediatrics: Intersecting worlds of healing. Pediatrics106(4): 899–908.
2.
BarrettJL (2011) Born Believers: The Science of Childhood Religion. New York: Free Press.
3.
Bluebond-LangnerM (1978) The Private Worlds of Dying Children. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
4.
BoyatzisCJJanickiD (2003) Parent-child communication about religion: Survey and diary data on unilateral transmission and bi-directional reciprocity styles. Review of Religious Research44(3): 252–270.
5.
BuffordRKPaloutzianRFEllisonCW (1991) Norms for the spiritual well-being scale. Journal of Psychology and Theology19: 56–70. Available at: http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1991-29197-001
ChengSTChanAC (2003) Factorial structure of the Kidcope in Hong Kong adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology164(3): 261–266.
8.
CohenJ (1992) A power primer. Psychological Bulletin112(1): 155–159.
9.
EiserCMorseR (2001) Can parents rate their child’s health-related quality of life? Research of a systematic review. Quality of Life Research10(4): 347–357.
10.
FisherJW (2012) The importance of relating with God for spiritual well-being. In: FowlerMCWeissMHochheimerJL (eds) Spirituality: New Reflections on Theory, Praxis and Pedagogy. Oxford: Inter-Disciplinary Press, pp. 147–161.
11.
HarrellFE (2001) Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis. New York: Springer.
12.
Hendricks-FergusonV (2008) Hope and spiritual well-being in adolescents with cancer. Western Journal of Nursing Research30(3): 385–401.
13.
HouskampBMFisherLAStuberML (2004) Spirituality in children and adolescents: Research findings and implications for clinicians and researchers. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America13(1): 221–230.
14.
KamperRVan CleveLSavedraM (2010) Children with advanced cancer: Responses to a spiritual quality of life interview. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing15(4): 301–306.
15.
LimaNNRdo NascimentoVBde CarvalhoSMF, et al. (2013) Spirituality in childhood cancer care. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment9: 1539–1544.
16.
MillerL (2013) Spiritual awakening and depression in adolescents: A unified pathway or “two sides of the same coin.”Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic77(4): 332–348.
17.
MooreKGomez-GaribelloCBosackiS, et al. (2016) Children’s spiritual lives: The development of a children’s spirituality measure. Religions7(9): 95.
18.
MooreKTalwarVBosackiS (2012) Canadian children’s perceptions of spirituality: Diverse voices. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality17(3): 217–234.
19.
MooreKTalwarVMoxley-HaegertL (2015) Definitional ceremonies: Narrative practices for psychologists to inform interdisciplinary teams’ understanding of children’s spirituality in pediatric settings. Journal of Health Psychology20(3): 259–272.
20.
MorseEEO’RourkeK (2009) Spirituality of childhood cancer survivors. Journal for the Society for Integrative Oncology7(4): 146–154.
21.
ParryC (2003) Embracing uncertainty: An exploration of the experiences of childhood cancer survivors. Qualitative Health Research13(2): 227–246.
22.
ParryCCheslerMA (2005) Thematic evidence of psychosocial thriving in childhood cancer survivors. Qualitative Health Research15(8): 1055–1073.
23.
RecchiaHWainrybC (2014) Mother-child conversations about hurting others: Supporting the construction of moral agency through childhood and adolescence. In: WainrybCRecchiaH (eds) Talking about Right and Wrong: Parent-Child Conversations as Contexts for Moral Development. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 242–269.
24.
RenaudSJEngarhosPSchleiferM, et al. (2014) Children’s earliest experiences with death: Circumstances, conversations, explanations, and parental satisfaction. Infant and Child Development24(2): 157–174.
25.
ReutterKKBigattiSM (2014) Religiosity and spirituality as resiliency resources: Moderation, mediation, or moderated mediation?Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion53(1): 56–72.
26.
ReynoldsCRKamphausRW (2004) Behavior Assessment System for Children (2nd edn). Bloomington, MN: Pearson Assessments.
27.
SmithJMcSherryW (2004) Spirituality and child development: A concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing45(3): 307–315.
28.
SpiritoAStarkLJWilliamsC (1988) Development of a brief coping checklist for use with pediatric populations. Journal of Pediatric Psychology13(4): 555–574.
29.
TabachnickBGFidellLS (2013) Using Multivariate Statistics (6th edn). Boston, MA: Pearson.
30.
ThayerP (2009) Meeting the spiritual needs of children with chronic and life threatening illness. In: WebbNB (ed.) Health Children and Adolescents with Chronic and Serious Medical Conditions: A Strength-Based Approach. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 171–187.
31.
VanceYHEiserC (2002) The school experience of the child with cancer. Child: Care, Health and Development28(1): 5–19.
32.
VandeCreekLGrossoehmeDHRagsdaleJR, et al. (2007) Attention to spiritual/religious concerns in pediatric practice: What clinical situations? What educational preparation?Chaplaincy Today23(2): 3–9.
33.
WalkerDFReeseJBHughesJP, et al. (2010) Addressing religious and spiritual issues in trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy for children and adolescents. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice41(2): 174–180.
34.
WoodgateRLDegnerLF (2003) A substantive theory of keeping the spirit alive: The spirit within children with cancer and their families. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing20(3): 103–119.
35.
ZebrackBJStuberMLMeeskeKA, et al. (2012) Perceived positive impact of cancer among long-term survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Psycho-Oncology21(6): 630–639.
