This investigation explored facets of anxiety sensitivity (AS—social, physical and mental concerns) in regard to somatization, anxiety and depression symptoms among people with HIV/AIDS. Significant relations were found for AS-physical concerns and somatization symptoms (β = .52, p = .007) and AS-mental concerns and anxiety symptoms (β = .29, p < .05), controlling for negative affectivity, gender and shared variance with other AS subscales. Together, AS subscales were significantly related to depression symptoms (ΔR2 = .11; p = .006), but no one subscale was independently related. Findings are discussed in terms of examining AS in better understanding the HIV/AIDS—anxiety relation.
Atkinson, J.H., Heaton, R.K., Patterson, T.L., Wolfson, T., Deutsch, R., Brown, S.J. et al. (2008). Two-year prospective study of major depressive disorder in HIV-infected men. Journal of Affective Disorders , 108, 225-234.
2.
Berger, B., Ferrans, C.E., & Lashley, F.R. ( 2001). Measuring stigma in people with HIV: Psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale. Research in Nursing and Health, 24, 518-529.
3.
Bing, E.G., Burnam, M.A., Longshore, D., Fleishman, J.A., Sherbourne, C.D., London, A.S. et al. (2001). Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 721-728.
4.
Bunn, J.Y., Solomon, S.E., Miller, C.T., & Forehand, R. ( 2007). Measurement of stigma in people with HIV: A re-examination of the HIV Stigma Scale. AIDS Education and Prevention, 19, 198-208.
5.
Catz, S.L., Gore-Felton, C., & McClure, J.B. ( 2002). Psychological distress among minority and low-income women living with HIV. Behavioral Medicine, 28, 53-59.
6.
Ciesla, J.A., & Roberts, J.E. ( 2001). Meta-analysis of the relationship between HIV infection and risk for depressive disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry , 158, 725-730.
7.
Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. ( 1983). Applied multiple regression/ correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences , 2nd edn. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
8.
Cruess, D.G., Evans, D.L., Repetto, M.J., Gettes, D., Douglas, S.D., & Petitto, J.M. ( 2003). Prevalence, diagnosis, and pharmacological treatment of mood disorders in HIV disease. Biological Psychiatry, 43, 307-316.
9.
Derogatis, L.R. ( 1977). SCL-90-R Administration, scoring and procedures manual . Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
10.
Derogatis, L.R., & Fitzpatrick, M. (2004). The SCL-90-R, the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI), and the BSI-18. In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcome assessment: Vol. 3. Instruments for adults (3rd edn, pp. 1-41). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
11.
Ginsburg, G.S., & Drake, K.L. ( 2002). Anxiety sensitivity and panic attack symptomatology among low-income AfricanAmerican adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16, 83-96.
12.
Gonzalez, A., Solomon, S.E., Zvolensky, M.J., & Miller, C.T. ( 2009). The interaction of mindful-based attention and awareness and disengagement coping with HIV/AIDS-related stigma in regard to concurrent anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 403-413.
13.
Hawkins, T. ( 2006). Appearance-related side effect of HIV-1 treatment . AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 20, 6-18.
14.
Hayward, C., Killen, J.D., Kraemer, H.C., & Taylor, C.B. ( 2000). Predictors of panic attacks in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 39, 207-214.
15.
Justice, A.C., Holmes, W., Gifford, A.L., Rabeneck, L., Zackin, R., Sinclair, G. et al. (2001). Development and validation of a self-completed HIV symptom index. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54, S77-S90.
16.
Kearney, C.A., Albano, A.M., Eisen, A.R., Allan, W.D., & Barlow, D.H. ( 1997). The phenomenology of panic disorder in youngsters: An empirical study of a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 11, 49-62.
17.
Lau, J.J., Calamari, J.E., & Waraczynski, M. (1996). Panic attack symptomatology and anxiety sensitivity in adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10, 355-364.
18.
Leserman, J. ( 2003). The effects of stressful life events, coping, and cortisol on HIV infection. CNS Spectrums, 8, 25-30.
19.
Leserman, J., Pence, B.W., Whetten, K., Mugavero, M.J., Thielman, N.M., Swartz, M.S., & Stangl, D. ( 2007). Relation of lifetime trauma and depressive symptoms to mortality in HIV. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1707-1713.
20.
Lorenz, K.A., Cunningham, W.E., Spritzer, K.L., & Hays, R.D. ( 2006). Changes in symptoms and health-related quality of life in a nationally representative sample of adults in treatment for HIV . Quality of Life Research: An international Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 15, 951-958.
21.
McLeish, A.C., Zvolensky, M.J., Yartz, A.R., & Leyro, T.M. ( 2008). Anxiety sensitivity as a moderator of the association between smoking status and anxiety symptoms and bodily vigilance: Replication and extension in a young adult sample. Addictive Behaviors , 33, 315-327.
Morrison, M.F., Petitto, J.M., Have, T.T., Gettes, D.R., Chiappini, M.S., Weber, A.L. et al. (2002). Depression and anxiety disorders in women with HIV infection. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 789-796.
24.
O’Cleirigh, C., Hart, T.A., & James, C.A. ( 2008). HIV and anxiety. In M. J. Zvolensky & J. A. Smits (Eds.), Anxiety in health behaviors and physical illness. Series in anxiety and related disorders (pp. 317-340). New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
25.
Otto, M.W., & Reilly-Harrington, N.A. (1999). The impact of treatment on anxiety sensitivity. In S. Taylor (Ed.), Anxiety sensitivity: Theory, research, and treatment of the fear of anxiety. The LEA Series in Personality and Clinical Psychology (pp. 321-336). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers .
26.
Peterson, R.A., & Reiss, S. ( 1992). Anxiety Sensitivity Index manual, 2nd edn. Worthington, OH: International Diagnostic Systems.
27.
Rabian, B., Embry, L., & MacIntyre, D. ( 1999). Behavioral validation of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index in children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 28, 105-112.
Reiss, S., & McNally, R.J. ( 1985). Expectancy model of fear. In S. Reiss & R. R. Bootzin (Eds.), Theoretical issues in behavior therapy (pp. 107-121). Orlando, FL : Academic Press.
30.
Reiss, S., Peterson, R.A., Gursky, D.M., & McNally, R.J. ( 1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 24, 1-8.
31.
Schmidt, N.B. ( 1999). Examination of differential anxiety sensitivities in panic disorder: A test of anxiety sensitivity subdomains predicting fearful responding in a 35% CO-sub-2 challenge. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 3-20.
32.
Schmidt, N.B., Lerew, D.R., & Jackson, R.J. ( 1997). The role of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: Prospective evaluation of spontaneous panic attacks during acute stress . Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 355-364.
33.
Schmidt, N.B., Lerew, D.R., & Jackson, R.J. ( 1999). Prospective evaluation of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: Replication and extension. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 532-537.
34.
Schmidt, N.B., Lerew, D., & Joiner, T.E., Jr. (1998). Anxiety sensitivity and the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression: Evidence for symptom specificity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 165-177.
35.
Schmidt, N.B., Zvolensky, M.J., & Maner, J.K. ( 2006). Anxiety sensitivity: Prospective prediction of panic attacks and axis I psychopathology. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40, 691-699.
36.
Siegel, K., Schrimshaw, E.W., & Pretter, S. ( 2005). Stress-related growth among women living with HIV/AIDS: Examination of an explanatory model. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 28, 403-414.
37.
Smits, J.A., Berry, A.C., Tart, C.D., & Powers, M.B. ( 2008). The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions for reducing anxiety sensitivity: A meta-analytic review. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1047-1054.
38.
Taylor, S. ( 1999). Anxiety sensitivity: Theory, research, and treatment of the fear of anxiety. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
39.
Taylor, S., Koch, W.J., & McNally, R.J. ( 1992). How does anxiety sensitivity vary across the anxiety disorders? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 6, 249-259.
40.
Tsao, J.C., Dobalian, A., Moreau, C., & Dobalian, K. ( 2004). Stability of anxiety and depression in a national sample of adults with human immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192, 111-118.
41.
Unnewehr, S., Schneider, S., Margraf, J., Jenkins, M., & Florin, J. ( 1996). Exposure to internal and external stimuli: Reactions in children of patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10, 489-508.
42.
Vasey, M.W., Daleiden, E.L., Williams, L.L., & Brown, L.M. ( 1995). Biased attention in childhood anxiety disorders: A preliminary study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 23, 267-279.
43.
Vujanovic, A.A., Zvolensky, M.J., & Bernstein, A. ( 2008). Incremental associations between facets of anxiety sensitivity and posttraumatic stress and panic symptoms among trauma-exposed adults. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 37, 76-89.
44.
Wald, J., & Taylor, S. ( 2005). Interoceptive exposure therapy combined with trauma-related exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: A case report. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 34, 34-40.
45.
Watson, D. ( 2000). Mood and temperament. New York : Guilford Press.
46.
Watson, D., Clark, L.A., & Tellegen, A. ( 1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
47.
Weems, C.F., Hayward, C., Killen, J.D., & Taylor, C.B. ( 2002). A longitudinal investigation of anxiety sensitivity in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 471-477.
48.
Zinbarg, R.E., Barlow, D.H., & Brown, T.A. ( 1997). Hierarchical structure and general factor saturation of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index: Evidence and implications. Psychological Assessment, 9, 277-284.
49.
Zinbarg, R.E., Brown, T.A., Barlow, D.H., & Rapee, R.M. ( 2001). Anxiety sensitivity, panic, and depressed mood: A reanalysis teasing apart the contributions of the two levels in the hierarchical structure of the anxiety sensitivity index. Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 110, 372-377.
50.
Zvolensky, M.J., Feldner, M.T., Eifert, G.H., & Stewart, S.H. ( 2001a). Evaluating differential predictions of emotional reactivity during repeated 20% carbon dioxide-enriched air challenge. Cognition & Emotion, 15, 767-786.
51.
Zvolensky, M.J., Goodie, J.L., McNeil, D.W., Sperry, J.A., & Sorrell, J.T. ( 2001b). Anxiety sensitivity in the prediction of pain-related fear and anxiety in a heterogeneous chronic pain population. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 683-696.
