Uses of Low Molecular Weight Heparins

Fareed J Walenga J Hoppensteadt D Huan X Racanelli A. Comparative study on the in vitro and in vivo activities of seven low molecular weight heparins. Haemostasis 1988; 18: 3.

Andersson LO Barrowcliffe TW Holmer E Johnson EA Sonderstrom G. Anticoagulant properties of heparin fractionated by affinity chromatography on matrix-bound antithrombin III and by gel filtration. Thromb Res 1976; 9: 575.

Jordan RE Oosta GM Gardner WT Rosenberg RD . The kinetics of hemostatic enzyme-antithrombin interactions in the presence of low molecular weight heparin. J Biol Chem 1980; 255: 10081–90.

Lane DA Denton J Flynn AM Thunberg L Lindahl U. Anticoagulant activities of heparin oligosaccharides and their neutralization by platelet factor 4. Biochem J 1984; 218: 725–32.

Ellis V Scully MF Kakkar VV . The relative molecular mass dependence of the anti-factor Xa properties of heparin. Biochem J 1986; 238: 329–33.

Jorgensen LN Wille-Jorgensen P Hauch O. Prophylaxis of postoperative thromboembolism with low molecular weight heparins. Br J Surg 1993; 80: 689–704.

Green D Hirsh J Heit J Prins M Davidson B Lensing AWA . Low molecular weight heparin: A critical analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Rev 1994; 46: 89–109.

Danish Enoxaparin Study Group. Low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) versus dextran 70. The prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 1621–24.

Eriksson BI Zachrisson BE Teger-Nilsson A-C Risberg B. Thrombosis prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin in total hip replacement. Br J Surg 1988; 75: 1053–57.

Nurmohamed MT Rosendaal FR Buller HR Low-molecular-weight heparin versus standard heparin in general and orthopaedic surgery: A meta-analysis. Lancet 1992; 340: 152–56.

Leizorovicz A Haugh MC Chapuis F Samama MM Boissel J-P. Low molecular weight heparin in prevention of perioperative thrombosis. BMJ 1992; 305: 913–20.

Levine MN Hirsch J Gent M Prevention of deep vein thrombosis after elective hip surgery. A randomised trial comparing low molecular weight heparin with standard unfractionated heparin. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114: 545–51.

Planes A Vochelle N Mazas F Prevention of postoperative venous thrombosis: A randomized trial comparing unfractionated heparin with low molecular weight heparin in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Thromb Haemost 1988; 60: 407–10.

Monreal M Lafoz E Navarro A A prospective double-blind trial of a low molecular weight heparin once daily compared with conventional low-dose heparin three times daily to prevent pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis in patients with hip fracture. J Trauma 1989; 29: 873–75.

Hull R Raskob G Pineo G A comparison of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin with warfarin sodium for prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis after hip or knee implantation. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1370–76.

Clagett GP Reisch JS . Prevention of venous thromboembolism in general surgical patients. Ann Surg 1988; 208: 227–40.

Kakkar VV Corrigan TP Fossard DP . Prevention of fatal postoperative pulmonary embolism by low doses of heparin: An International Trial. Lancet 1975; ii: 45–51.

Andaz S Shields DA Scurr JH Smith Coleridge PD . Role of low molecular weight heparins in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism after surgery. Phlebology 1994; 9: 2–7.

Kakkar VV . Efficacy and safety of Clivarin and other LMWHs in general surgery: A meta-analysis. Blood Coagulat Fibrinol 1993; 4: S23–S27.

Boneu B. An international multicentre study: Clivarin(R) in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing general surgery. Report of the International Clivarin(R) Assessment Group. Blood Coagulat Fibrinol 1993; 4: S21–S22.

Antila LE Markula H Lisaly E. Ten years experience of geriatric aspects of surgery of patients with benign prostatic hypertophy. Acta Chir Scand 1966; 357: 95.

Allen RDM Michie CA Murie JA Morris PJ . Deep venous thrombosis after renal transplantation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1987; 164: 137–42.

European Dialysis and Transplant Association. Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation in Europe. London: Pitman, 1983.

Jeffcoate TNA Tindall VR . Venous thrombosis and embolism in obstetrics and gynaecology. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1965; 5: 119–30.

Bonnar J Walsh H. Prevention of thrombosis after pelvic surgery by dextran 70. Lancet 1972; i: 614–16.

Pearson Clarke DL Synan IS Hinshaw WM Coleman RE Creasman WT . Prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism by external pneumatic calf compression in patients with gynecologic malignancy. Obstet Gynecol 1984; 63: 92–98.

Genton E Turpie A. Venous thromboembolism associated with gynecologic surgery. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1980; 23: 209–41.

Taberner DA Poller L Burslem RW Jones JB . Oral anticoagulants controlled by the British Comparative Thromboplastin versus low-dose heparin in prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. BMJ 1978; 1: 272–74.

Borstad E Urdal K Handeland G Abildgaard U. Comparison of low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin in gynecological surgery. II: Reduced dose of low molecular weight heparin. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1992; 71: 471–75.

Borstad E Urdal K Handeland G Abildgaard U. Comparison of low molecular weight heparin vs. unfractionated heparin in gynecological surgery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1988; 67: 99–103.

Kaaja R Lehtovirta P Venesmaa P Comparison of enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, and unfractionated heparin, with or without dihydroergotamine, in abdominal hysterectomy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1992; 47: 141–45.

Gillis S Shushan A Eldor A. Use of low molecular weight heparin for prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolism in pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1992; 39: 297–301.

Harenberg J Schneider D Heilmann L Wolf H. Lack of anti-factor Xa activity in umbilical cord vein samples after subcutaneous administration of heparin or low molecular mass heparin in pregnant women. Haemostasis 1993; 23: 314–20.

Melissari E Parker CJ Wilson NV Use of low molecular weight heparin in pregnancy. Thromb Haemost 1992; 68: 652–56.

Rasmussen C Wadt J Jacobsen B. Thromboembolic prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin during pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1994; 47: 121–25.

Cerrato D Ariano C Fiacchino F. Deep vein thrombosis and low dose heparin prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients. J Neurosurg 1978; 49: 378–81.

Green D Lee MY Lim AC Prevention of thromboembolism after spinal cord injury using low-molecular-weight-heparin. Ann Intern Med 1990; 113: 571–74.

Hamilton MG Hull RD Pineo GF . Venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery and neurology patients: A review. Neurosurgery 1994; 34: 280–96.

Prins MH Gelsema R Sing AK Van Heerde LR Den Ottolander GJH . Prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis with a low-molecular-weight heparin (Kabi 2165/Fragmin(R)) in stroke patients. Haemostasis 1989; 19: 245–50.

Turpie AGG Hirsh J Jay RM Double-blind randomised trial of Org 10172 low-molecular-weight heparinoid in prevention of deep-vein thrombosis in thrombotic stroke. Lancet 1987; i: 523–26.

Sandler DA Martin JF . Autopsy proven pulmonary embolism in hospital patients. Are we detecting enough deep vein thrombosis? J R Soc Med 1989; 82: 203–205.

Clagett GP Anderson FA Jr. Levine MN Salzman EW Wheeler HB . Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest 1992; 102: 391S–407S.

Belch JJ Lowe GDO Ward AG Forbes CD Prentice CRM . Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in medical patients by low-dose heparin. Scott Med J 1981; 26: 115–17.

Harenburg J Kallenback B Martin U Dempfle CE . Randomised controlled study of heparin and low molecular weight heparin for prevention of deep-vein thrombosis in medical patients. Thromb Res 1990; 59: 639–50.

Schmid KM Preisack M Voelker W Sujatta M Karsch KR . First clinical experience with low molecular weight heparin LU 47311 (Reviparin) for prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Semin Thromb Hemost 1993; 19: 155–59.

Buchwald AB Uterberg C Nebendahl K Grone HJ Wiegand V. Low-molecular-weight heparin reduced neointimal proliferation after coronary stent implantation in hypercholesterolemic minipigs. Circulation 1992; 86: 531–37.

Schrader J Stibbe W Armstrong VW Comparison of low molecular weight heparin to standard heparin in hemodialysis/hemofiltration. Kidney Int 1988; 33: 890–96.

Schmitt Y Schneider H. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) influence on blood lipids in patients on chronic haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1993; 8: 438–42.

Baumelou A Singlas E Petitclerc T Desmichels D Jacobs C Soria J. Pharmacokinetics of a low molecular weight heparin (Reviparine) in hemoldialyzed patients. Nephron 1994; 68: 202–206.

Ryan KE Lane DA Flynn A Shepperd J Ireland HA Curtis JR . Dose finding study of a low molecular weight heparin, Innohep, in haemodialysis. Thromb Haemost 1991; 66: 277–82.

Heilmann Gouault M Huet Y Contant G Payen D Bloch G Rapin M. Cardiopulmonary bypass with a low-molecular-weight heparin fraction. Lancet 1983; ii: 1374.

Bagge L Wahlberg T Holmer E Tyden H Nystrom SO Malm T. Low-molecular-weight heparin (Fragmin(TM)) versus heparin for anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass in open heart surgery, using a pig model. Blood Coagulat Fibrinol 1994; 5: 265–72.

Koza MJ Messmore HL Wallock ME Walenga JM Pifarre R. Evaluation of a low molecular weight heparin as an anticoagulant in a model of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Thromb Res 1993; 70: 67–76.

Farcas JC Chapuis C Combe S A randomised controlled trial of low-molecular-weight heparin (Enoxaparin) to prevent deep-vein thrombosis in patients undergoing vascular surgery. Eur J Vasc Surg 1993; 7: 554–60.

Serruys PW Luijten HE Beatt KJ Incidence of restenosis after successful coronary angioplasty: A time-related phenomenon. A quantitative angiographic study in 342 consecutive patients at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months. Circulation 1988; 77: 361–71.

Azrin MA Mitchel JF Fram DB Decreased platelet deposition and smooth muscle cell proliferation after intramural heparin delivery with hydrogel-coated balloons. Circulation 1994; 90: 433–41.

Chajara A Heudes D Peronneau I Jarnet J Basset A Capron L. Effects of heparinoids on the sclerotic reaction of rat thoracic aorta to injury: Comparison between standard and low-molecular-weight heparins in vitro and in vivo. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994; 23: 995–1003.

Dryjski M Mikat E Bjornsson TD . Inhibition of intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury by heparins and heparinoid. J Vasc Surg 1988; 8: 623–33.

Wilson NV Salisbury JR Kakkar VV . Effect of low molecular weight heparin on intimal hyperplasia. Br J Surg 1991; 78: 1381–83.

Edmonson RA Cohen AT Das SK Wagner MB Kakkar VV . Low-molecular weight heparin versus aspirin and dipyridamole after femoropopliteal bypass grafting. Lancet 1994; 344: 914–18.

Green D Hull RD Brant R Pineo GF . Lower mortality in cancer patients treated with low-molecular-weight versus standard heparin. Lancet 1992; 339: 1476.