Immune Retinal Vascular Disease

Lightman S. Vascular changes in the posterior segment in clinical and experimental ocular inflammatory disease. Eye 1991; 5: 432–37.

Lightman S Chan C. Immune mechanisms in chorioretinal inflammation in man. Eye 1990; 4: 345–53.

Lightman S. Use of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs in the management of uveitis. Lancet 1991; 338: 1501–504.

Towler H Lightman S. Immunotherapy and visual prognosis of Behçet's disease. Ocular Immunol Inflamm 1993; 3: 249–54.

Towler HMA Greenwood J Butt AM . Electrical resistance across the inner blood-retinal barrier in the intact retina of the anaesthetised Lewis rat. J Physiol 1994; 480: 10P.

Fujikawa LS Haugen JP . Immunopathology of vitreous and retinochoroidal biopsy in posterior uveitis. Ophthalmology 1990; 97: 1644–53.

Hooks JJ Chan CC Detrick B. Identification of the lymphokines, interferon-gamma and interleukin-2, in inflammatory eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1988; 29: 1444–51.

Whitcup SM Chan CC Li Q Nussenblatt RB . Expression of cell adhesion molecules in posterior uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1992; 110: 662–66.

Deschênes J Char DH Kaleta S. Activated T lymphocytes in uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 1988; 72: 83–87.

Arrocker-Mettinger E Asenbauer T Ulbrich S Grabner G. Serum interleukin 2-receptor levels in uveitis. Curr Eye Res 1990; 9: 25–29.

Feron EJ Calder VL Lightman SL . Distribution of IL-2R and CD45Ro expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with posterior uveitis. Curr Eye Res 1992; 11: 167–72.

Feron EJ Calder VL Lightman SL . Oligoclonal activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes in posterior uveitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 99: 412–18.

de Smet MD Yamamoto JH Mochizuki M Cellular immune responses of patients with uveitis to retinal antigens and their fragments. Am J Ophthalmol 1990; 110: 135–42.

Doekes G van der Gaag R Rothova A Humoral and cellular immune responsiveness to human S-antigen in uveitis. Curr Eye Res 1987; vmr-6: 909–19.

Hirose S McAllister CG Mittal KK Vistica BP Shinohara T Gery I. A cell line and clones of lymphocytes from a healthy donor, with specificity to S-antigen. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1988; 29: 1636–41.

Burns J Rosenzweig A Zweiman B Lisak RP . Isolation of myelin basic protein-reactive T-cell lines from normal human blood. Cell Immunol 1983; 81: 435–40.

Opremcak EM Cowans AB Orosz CG Adams PW Whisler RL . Enumeration of autoreactive helper T lymphocytes in uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991; 32: 2561–67.

Towler HMA Whiting PH Forrester JV . Combination low dose cyclosporin A and steroid therapy in chronic intraocular inflammation. Eye 1990; 4: 514–20.

Caspi RR . Basic mechanisms in immune-mediated uveitic disease. In: Lightman SL ed. Immunology of Eye Diseases. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1989: 61–86.

Faure JP . Autoimmunity and the retina. Curr Top Eye Res 1980; 2: 215–301.

Singh VK Nussenblatt RB Donoso LA Identification of a uveitopathogenic and lymphocyte proliferation site in bovine S-antigen. Cell Immunol 1988; 115: 413–19.

Singh VK Kalra HK Yamaki K Molecular mimicry between a uveitopathogenic site of S-antigen and viral peptides. J Immunol 1990; 144: 1282–87.

Singh VK Yamaki K Donoso LA Molecular mimicry: Yeast histone H3-induced experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Immunol 1989; 142: 1512–17.

Mochizuki M Kuwabara T McAllister C Nussenblatt RB Gery I. Adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in rats. Immunopathogenic mechanisms and histologic features. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985; 26: 1–9.

Lightman S Caspi R Nussenblatt R Palestine A. Antigen-directed retention of an autoimmune cell line. Cell Immunol 1987; 110: 28–34.

Savion S Oddo S Grover S Caspi RR . Uveitogenic T lymphocytes in the rat: Pathogenicity vs. lymphokine production, adhesion molecules and surface antigen expression. J Neuroimmunol 1994; 55: 35–44.

Charteris D Lightman S. Interferon gamma production in vivo in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Immunology 1992; 75: 463–67.

Charteris D Lightman S. In vivo lymphokine production in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Immunology 1993; 78: 387–92.

Barton K McLauchlan MT Calder VL Lightman S. The kinetics of cytokine mRNA expression in the retina during experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Cell Immunol 1995; in press.

Hall A Greenwood J Patel B Brada M Lightman S. The effect of histamine and interleukin-2 on the blood–retinal barriers of the anaesthetised rat. J Physiol 1992; 446: 497.

Atalla L Linker-Israeli M Steinman L Inhibition of autoimmune uveitis by anti-CD4 antibody. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990; 31: 1264–70.

Wetzig R Hooks JJ Percopo CM Anti-Ia antibody diminishes ocular inflammation in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Curr Eye Res 1988; 7: 809–18.

Calder VL Zhao ZS Wang Y Barton K Lightman SL . Effects of CD8 depletion on retinal soluble antigen induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Immunology 1993; 79: 255–62.

Fujino H Okummura A Nussenblatt RB . Cyclosporin-induced specific unresponsiveness to retinal soluble antigen in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1988; 46: 234–48.

Kawashima H Fujino Y Mochizuki M. Effects of a new immunosuppressive agent, FK506, on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1988; 29: 1265–71.

Beraud E Kotake S Caspi RR Control of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by low dose T cell vaccination. Cell Immunol 1992; 140: 112–22.

Roberge FG Lorberboum-Galski H Hoang PL Selective immunosuppression of activated T cells with the chimeric toxin IL-2-PE40. J Immunol 1989; 143: 3498–502.

Nussenblatt RB Caspi RR Mahdi R Inhibition of S-antigen induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by oral induction of tolerance with S-antigen. J Immunol 1990; 144: 1689–95.

Forrester JV McMenamin PG Holthouse I Lumsden L Liversidge J. Localisation and characterisation of major histocompatability complex class II-positive cells in the posterior segment of the eye: Implications for induction of autoimmune uveoretinitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35: 64–77.

Fujikawa LS Reay C Morin ME . Class II antigens on retinal vascular endothelium, pericytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes of the rat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1989; 30: 66–73.

Liversidge J Sewell HF Forrester JV . Interactions between lymphocytes and cells of the blood-retina barrier: Mechanisms of T lymphocyte adhesion to human retinal capillary endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro. Immunology 1990; 71: 390–96.

Wang Y Calder VL Lightman SL Greenwood J. Antigen presentation by rat brain and retinal endothelial cells. J Neuroimmunol 1995: In press.

Pryce G Male D Sedgwick J. Antigen presentation in brain: Brain endothelial cells are poor stimulators of T cell proliferation. Immunology 1989; 66: 207–12.

Risau W Engelhardt B Wekerle H. Immune function of the blood–brain barrier: Incomplete presentation of protein (auto-)antigens by rat brain microvascular endothelium in vitro. J Cell Biol 1990; 110: 1751–66.

Male DK . Immunology of brain endothelium and the blood-brain barrier. In: Bradbury MWB ed. Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood–Brain barrier. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Volume 103. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992: 397–415.

Calder VL Greenwood J. Role of the vascular endothelium in immunologically-mediated neurological disease. In: Immunological Aspects of the Vascular Endothelium. Savage C Pearson J (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995: In press.

de Kozak Y Naud M-C Bellot J Faure JP Hicks D. Differential tumour necrosis factor expression by resident retinal cells from experimental uveitissusceptible and -resistant rat strains. J Neuroimmunol 1994; 55: 1–9.

Hickey WF Hsu BL Kimura H. T-lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system. J Neurosci Res 1991; 28: 254–60.

Lassmann H Schmied M Vass K Hickey WF . Bone marrow derived elements and resident microglia in brain inflammation. Glia 1993; 7: 19–24.

Springer TA . Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: The multistep paradigm. Cell 1994; 76: 301–14.

Wang Y Calder V Greenwood J Lightman S. Lymphocyte adhesion to cultured endothelial cells of the blood–retinal barrier. J Neuroimmunol 1993; 48: 161–68.

Greenwood J Calder V. Lymphocyte migration through cultured endothelial cell monolayers derived from the blood–retinal barrier. Immunology 1993; 80: 401–406.

Pryce G Male D Sarkar C. Control of lymphocyte migration into brain: Selective interactions of lymphocyte subpopulations with brain endothelium. Immunology 1991; 72: 393–98.

Charteris DG Lee WR . Multifocal posterior uveitis: Clinical and pathological findings. Br J Ophthalmol 1990; 74: 688–93.

Dua HS McKinnon A McMenamin PG Forrester JV . Ultrastructural pathology of the ‘barrier sites' in experimental autoimmune uveitis and experimental autoimmune pinealitis. Br J Ophthalmol 1991; 75: 391–97.

Greenwood J Howes R Lightman S. The blood–retinal barrier in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis: Leukocyte interactions and functional damage. Lab Invest 1994; 70: 39–52.

Duguid IGM Boyd AW Mandel TE . The expression of adhesion molecules in the human retina and choroid. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol 1991; 19: 309–16.

Mesri M Liversidge J Forrester JV . ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions in T-lymphocyte activation and adhesion to cells of the blood–retina barrier in the rat. Immunology 1994; 83: 52–57.

Greenwood J Wang Y Calder VL . Lymphocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration in the CNS: The role of LFA-1, ICAM-1, VLA-4 and VCAM-1. Immunology 1995: In press.

Liversidge JM Sewell HF Forrester JV . Human retinal pigment epithelial cells differentially express MHC class II (HLA DP, DR and DQ) antigens in response to in vitro stimulation with lymphokine or purified IFN-γ. Clin Exp Immunol 1988; 73: 489–94.

Elner VM Strieter RM Elner SG Baggiolini M Lindley I Kunkel SL . Neutrophil chemotactic factor (IL-8) gene expression by cytokine-treated retina pigment epithelial cells. Am J Pathol 1990; 136: 745–50.

Elner SG Strieter RM Elner VM Rollins BJ del Monte MA Kunkel S. Monocyte chemotactic factor gene expression by cytokine treated human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Lab Invest 1991; 64: 819–25.

Planck SR Dang TT Graves D Tara D Ansel JC Rosenbaum JT . Retinal pigment epithelial cells secrete interleukin-6 in response to interleukin-1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992; 33: 78–82.

Greenwood J. Experimental manipulation of the blood–brain and blood–retinal barriers. In: Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood–Brain Barrier. Bradbury MWB ed. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Volume 103. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992: 459–86.

Greenwood J. The blood-retinal barrier in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU): A review. Curr Eye Res 1992; 11: 25–32.

Lightman S Greenwood J. Effect of lymphocyte infiltration on the blood–retinal barrier in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 88: 473–77.

Lightman SL Caspers-Velu LE Hirose S Nussenblatt RB Palestine AG . Angiography with fluorescein-labeled dextrans in a primate model of uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1987; 105: 844–48.

Lin W-L Essner E Shichi H. Breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in S-antigen-induced uveoretinitis in rats. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1991; 229: 457–63.

McMenamin PG Broekhuyse RM Forrester JV . Ultrastructural pathology of experimental autoimmune uveitis: A review. Micron 1993; 24: 521–46.

Forrester JV Borthwick GM McMenamin PG . Ultrastructural pathology of S-antigen uveoretinitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985; 26 1281–92.

McMenamin PG Forrester JV Steptoe RJ Dua HS . Ultrastructural pathology of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Lab Invest 1992; 67: 42–55.