Theory of Growth Factors and Ulcer Healing

Levine J. M. Leg ulcers: Differential diagnosis of leg ulcers in the elderly. Geriatrics 1990; 45: 32–42.

Sporn M B Roberts A B eds. Peptide growth factors and their receptors, Volumes I-II. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

Herschman H. R. Primary response genes induced by growth factors and tumor promoters. Annu Rev Biochem 1991; 60: 281–319.

Egan S E Weinberg R. A. The pathway to signal achievement. Nature 1993; 365: 781–83.

Mustoe T A Galiano R. D. Mediators of wound healing, including the role of growth factors. In: Andersen D K ed. Advances in wound healing and tissue repair, volume 4. New York: World Medical Press, 1993: 27–55.

Jyung R W Mustoe T. A. Role of Cytokines in wound repair. In: Gearting A. Rossio J. Oppenheim J. eds. Clinical applications of cytokines. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993: 307–29.

Katz M A MuCuskey P. Beggs J L Johnson P C Gaines J. A. Relationship between microvascular function and capillary structure in diabetic and nondiabetic human skin. Diabetes 1989; 38: 1245–50.

Eaglstein W H Falanga V. Nemeth A. Moosa H. Pericapillary fibrin, venous ulcers, and transcutaneous oxygen. In: Cederholm-Williams S A Ryan T J Lyndon M J eds. Fibrinolysis and angiogenesis in wound healing. Princeton: Excerpta Medica, 1988: 12–15.

Zhao L. Davidson J D Wee S C Roth S I Mustoe T. A. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen and growth factors in rabbit ear ischemic ulcers. Arch Surg. 1994; 129: 1043–49.

Browse N. L. The cause of venous ulceration. Lancet 1983; ii: 243–45.

Falanga V. Kirsner R. Katz M H Gould E. Eaglstein W. H. Dermal pericapillary fibrin cuffs in venous ulceration: Persistence with treatment and during ulcer healing. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992; 18: 409–14.

Falanga V. Eaglstein W. H. The ‘trap’ hypothesis of venous ulceration. Lancet 1993; 341: 1006–1008.

Coleridge-Smith P D Thomas P. Scurr J H Dormandy J. A. Causes of venous ulceration: A new hypothesis. Br Med J 1988; 296: 1726–27.

Braide M. Amundson B. Chien S. Bagge U. Quantitative studies on the influence of leukocytes on the vascular resistance of skeletal muscle. Microvasc Res 1984; 27: 331–52.

Bennett N T Schultz G. S. Growth factors and wond healing: Part II. Role in normal and chronic wound healing. Am J Surg 1993; 166: 74–81.

Falanga V. Growth factors and chronic wounds: The need to understand the microenvironment. J Dermatol 1992; 19: 667–72.

Claudy A L Mirshahi M. Soria C. Soria J. Detection of undegraded fibrin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in venous ulcers. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 25: 623–27.

Higley H. Ksander G. Gerhart C. Krisner R. Falanga V. Immunocytochemical analysis of growth factor and growth factor response cells in chronic venous stasis ulcers. Wounds 1992; 4: 33–34.

Wysock A B Grinnell F. Fibronectin profiles in normal and chronic wound fluid. Lab Invest 1990; 63: 825–31.

Schultz G. Bennett N. Rotatori S. Macaully S. Moser M. EGF and TGF-alpha in wound healing: Analysis of wound fluids and effects of exogenous factors on wound healing. J Cell Biol 1993; S17E: 109.

Phillips T J Kehinde O. Green H. Gilcrest B. A. Treatment of skin ulcers with cultured epidermal allografts. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 21: 191–99.

Gilchrest B A Karassik R L Wilkins L M Vrabel M A Maciag T. Autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation of cells derived from human skin. J Cell Physiol 1983; 117: 235–40.

Beck S L DeGuzman L. Lee W P Xu Y. Siegel M W Amento E. P. One systemic administration of transforming growth factor-β1 reverses age- or glucocorticoid-impaired wound healing. J Clin Invest 1993; 92: 2841–49.

Hamon G A Hunt T K Spencer E. M. In vivo effects of systemic insulin-like growth factor-I alone and complexed with insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 on corticosteroid suppressed wounds. Growth Regul 1993; 3: 53–56.

Mustoe T A Pierce G F Thomason A. Gramates P. Sporn M B Deuel T. F. Accelerated healing of incisional wounds in rats induced by transforming growth factor-β. Science 1987; 237: 1333–35.

Pierce G F Mustoe T A Senior R. Thomason A. Deuel T. G. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation of wound healing. J Exp Med 1988; 167: 974–87.

Greaves M. W. Lack of effect of topically applied epidermal growth factor (EGF) on epidermal growth in man in vivo. Clin Exp Dermatol 1980; 5: 101–103.

Thornton T W Hess C A Cassingham V. Bartlett R. H. Epidermal growth factor in healing of second degree burns: A controlled animal study. Burns 1981; 8: 156–60.

Brown G L Nanney L B Griffen J. . Enhancement of wound healing by topical treatment with epidermal growth factor. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 76–79.

Brown G L Curtsinger L. Jurkiewicz M J Nahai F. Schultz G. Stimulation of healing of chronic wounds by epidermal growth factor. Plast Reconstr Surg 1991; 88: 89–94.

Falanga V. Eaglstein W H Bucalo B. Katz M H Harris B. Carson P. Topical use of human recombinant epidermal growth factor (h-EGF) in venous ulcers. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992; 18: 604: 606.

Robson M C Phillips L G Thomson A. Robson L F Pierce G. F. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB in chronic pressure ulcer. Lancet 1992; 339: 23–25.

Mustoe T A Cutler N R Allman R M . A phase II study to evaluate recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB in the treatment of stage 3 and 4 pressure ulcers. Arch Surg 1994; 129: 213–19.

Robson M C Phillips L G Lawrence W T . The safety and effect of topically applied recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor on the healing of chronic pressure sores. Ann Surg 1992; 216: 401–408.

Robson M C Krizek T. J. The role of infection in chronic pressure ulcerations. In: Fredricks S. Brody G S eds. Symposium on neurological aspects of plastic surgery. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1978: 242–46.

Stenberg B D Phillips L G Hokanson J A Heggers J P Robson M. C. Effect of bFGF on the inhibition of contraction caused by bacterial contamination. Surg Forum 1989; 40: 629–30.

Synergen annual report. Boulder, CO: Synergen, 1992: 11.

Schlechter N L Russel S M Spencer E M Nicoll C. S. Evidence suggesting that the direct growth-promoting effect of growth hormone on cartilage in vivo is mediated by local production of somatomedin, Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 7932–34.

Rasmussen L H Karlsmark T. Anstorp C. Peters K. Jorgensen M. Jensen L. T. Topical growth hormone treatment of chronic leg ulcers. Phlebology 1991; vmr-6: 23–30.

Knighton D R Fiegel V D Austin L L Ciresi K F Butler E. L. Classification and treatment of chronic nonhealing wounds: Successful treatment with autologous platelet-derived wound healing factors (PDWHF). Ann Surg 1986; 204: 322–30.

Knighton D R Ciresi K. Fiegel V D Schumerth S. Butler E. Cerra F. Stimulation of repair in chronic, nonhealing, cutaneous ulcers using platelet-derived wound healing formula. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990; 170: 56–60.

Steed D. Golsen B. Hambley R. Abell E. Hebda P. Webster M. Clinical trials with purified platelet releasate. In: Barbul A. Caldwell M D Eaglstein W H . eds. Clinical and experimental approaches to dermal and epidermal repair: Normal and chronic wounds. New York: Wiley–Liss, 1991: 103–13.

Krupski W C Reilly L M Perez S. Moss K M Crombleholme P A Rapp J. H. A prospective randomized trial of autologous platelet-derived wound healing factors for treatment of chronic wounds: A preliminary report. J Vasc Surg 1991; 14: 526–36.

Krupski W. C. Letter. J Vasc Surg 1992; 16: 126–28.

Lynch S E Nixon J C Colvin R B Antonaides H. N. Role of platelet-derived growth factor in wound healing: Synergistic effects with other growth factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 7696–700.

Sprugel K H McPherson J M Clowes A W Ross R. Effects of growth factors in vivo. Am J Pathol 1987; 129: 601–11.