CarreaR.MoliasM.MurphyG.Surgical treatment of spontaneous thrombosis of the internal carotis in the neck. Carotid–carotideal anastomosis. Acta Neurol Latinoam1955; 1: 71–78.
2.
StrullyK JHurmittE SBlankenbergH. W.Thrombo-endarterectomy for thrombosis of the internal carotid artery in the neck. J Neurosurg1953; 10: 474–82.
3.
DeBakeyM.Successful carotid endarterectomy for cerebrovascular insufficiency: Nineteen years follow up. JAMA1975; 233: 1083–95.
4.
EastcottH H GPickeringG WRobC.Reconstruction of internal carotis artery in a patient with intermittent attacks of hemiplegia. Lancet1954; ii: 994–96.
5.
PokrasR.DykenM. L.Dramatic changes in the performance of endarterectomy for diseases of the extracranial arteries of the head. Stroke1988; 19: 1289–90.
6.
The EC/IC bypass study group.Failure of extracranial–intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke: Results of an international and randomized trial. N Engl J Med1985; 313: 1191–1200.
7.
ChassinM RKosekoffJ.ParkR E. Does inappropriate use explain geographic variations in the use of health care services?JAMA1987; 258: 2533–37.
8.
WinslowC MSolomonD HChassinM RKosekoffJ.MerrikN JBrookR. H.The appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy. N Engl J Med1988; 318: 721–27.
9.
BergqvistD.Ökning av artärkirurgi men stora regionala skillnader. Läkartidningen1990; 87: 369–71.
10.
LepäntaloM.LindforsO.Kärlkirurgi i Finland. Nord Med1990; 105: 106–107.
11.
MurieJ AMorrisP. J.Carotid endarterectomy in Great Britain and Ireland: Trends and current practice. Br J Surg1991; 78: 397–400.
12.
SaetherO.MyhreH OGeiranO.Karkirurgi i Norge 1986. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen1989; 109: 23–26.
13.
OlsenSkov P.RohrN.CroneP.. Karkirurgi i Danmark 1983–1987. Nord Med1990; 105: 104–106.
14.
FieldsW SMaslenikovV.MeyerJ SHassW KRemingtonR DMacdonaldM.Joint study of extracranial arterial occlusion. V. Progress report of prognosis following surgery or non-surgical treatment for transient ischaemic attacks and cervical carotid artery lesions. JAMA1970; 211: 1993–2003.
15.
ShawD AVenablesG SCartlidgeN E FBatesD.DickinsonP. H.Carotid endarterectomy in patients with transient cerebral ischaemia. J Neurol Sci1984; 64: 45–53.
16.
The CASANOVA study group.Carotid surgery versus medical therapy in asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Stroke1991; 22: 1229–35.
17.
European Carotid Surgery Trialist's Collaborative Group.MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: Interim results of symptomatic patients with severe (70–99%) or with mild (0–29%) carotid stenosis. Lancet1991; 337: 1235–43.
18.
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators.Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade stenosis. N Engl J Med1991; 325: 445–53.
19.
ThomsonJ. E.Carotid endarterectomy. In: BerganJ JYsoJ S T eds. Operative techniques in vascular surgery. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1980: 41–46.
20.
BakerW. H.Technical advances in carotid surgery. In: BerganJ JYsoJ S T, eds. Operative techniques in vascular surgery. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1980: 47–52.
21.
GreenhalghR. M.Selective shunting during carotid endarterectomy. In: GreenhalghR M, ed. Vascular surgical techniques. London: WB Saunders, 1989: 89–93.
22.
NichollsS CPhillipsD JPrimozichJ F. Diagnostic significance of flow separation in the carotid bulb. Stroke1989; 20: 175–82.
23.
PratiP.VanuzzoD.CasaroliM.. Prevalence and determinants of carotid atherosclerosis in a general population. Stroke1992; 23: 1705–11.
24.
O'LearyD HPolakJ FKronmalR A. On behalf of the CHS collaborative research group. Distribution and correlates of sonographically detected carotid artery disease in the cardiovascular health study. Stroke1992; 23: 1752–60.
25.
HennericiM.HülsbömerH-BHefterH.LammertsD.RautenbergW.Natural history of asymptomatic extracranial disease. Brain1987; 110: 777–91.
26.
HennericiM.AulichA.SandmannW.FreundD. J.Incidence of asymptomatic extracranial arterial disease. Stroke1981; 12: 750–58.
27.
ColganM PStrodeG RSommerJ PGibbsJ LSumnerD. S.Prevalence of asymptomatic carotid disease: Results of duplex scanning in 348 unselected volunteers. J Vasc Surg1988; 8: 674–78.
28.
RamseyD EMilesR DLambethA.SumnerD. S.Prevalence of extracranial carotid artery disease: A survey of an asymptomatic population with non invasive techniques. J Vasc Surg1987; 5: 584–88.
29.
O'LearyD HAndersonK MKaseC SWolfP AKannelW. B.Extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in a general population, the Framingham study. Stroke1988; 19: 143.
30.
FowlR JMarschJ GLoveM.PattersonR BShuklaR.KempczinskiR. F.Prevalence of hemodynamically significant stenosis of the carotid artery in an asymptomatic veteran population. Surg Gynecol Obstet1991; 172: 13–16.
31.
RicciS.FlaminiF OCelaniM G. Prevalence of internal carotid artery stenosis in subjects older than 49 years: A population study. Cerebrovasc Dis1991; 1: 16–19.
The SALT collaborative group.Swedish Aspirin Low-Dose Trial (SALT) of 75 mg aspirin as secondary prophylaxis after cerebrovascular ischaemic events. Lancet1991; 338: 1345–49.
37.
The Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation investigators.The effect of low-dose warfarin on the risk of stroke in patients with non-rheumatologic atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med1990; 323: 1505–11.
38.
LeapeL LParkR ESolomonD HChassinM RKosekoffJ.BrookR. H.Relation between surgeons' practice volumes and geographic variations in the rate of carotid endarterectomy. N Engl J Med1989; 321: 653–57.
39.
BrottT GThalingerK.The practice of carotid endarterectomy in a large metropolitan area. Stroke1984; 15: 950–55.
40.
FodeN CSundtT MRobertsonJ TPeerlessS JShieldsC. B.Multicenter retrospective review of results and complications of carotid endarterectomy in 1981. Stroke1986; 17: 370–76.
41.
RichardsonD.MainK.Carotid endarterectomy in the elderly population: A statewide experience. J Vasc Surg1989; 9: 65–73.
42.
RubinJ RPitlukH CKingT A. Carotid endarterectomy in a metropolitan community: The early results after 8535 operations. J Vasc Surg1988; 7: 256–60.
43.
EdwardsW HMorrisJ AJenkinsJ MBassS MMacKenzieE. J.Evaluating quality, cost-effective health care. Vascular database predicated on hospital discharge abstracts. Ann Surg1991; 213: 433–39.
44.
BeebeH GClagettG PDeWeeseJ A. Assessing risk associated with carotid endarterectomy. A statement for health professionals by an ad hoc committee on carotid surgery standards of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke1989; 20: 314–15.
45.
OlivecronaH.Complications of cerbral angiography. Neuroradiology1977; 14: 175–81.
Von ReuternG MBüdingenH JHennericiM.FreundH. J.Diagnose und Differenzierung von Stenosen und Verschlüssungen der Arteria Carotis mit der Doppler Sonografie. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr1976; 222: 191–207.
48.
OrgogozoJ MEnjalbertO.BeloussdorfT.LoiseauP.L'Examen Doppler en pathologie carotidienne. Rev Med1978; 18: 1021–1034.
49.
NorrvingB.CronqvistS.Doppler examination of the carotid arteries. A comparative study with angiography. Acta Neurol Scand1981; 64: 241–52.
50.
StrandnessD. E.JrDuplex scanning in vascular disorders. New York: Raven Press, 1990.
51.
ZbonikovaV.Carotid artery disease assessed by ultrasonic duplex scanning — a methological and clinical study [PhD Thesis]. Linköping, Sweden: Linköping University, 1985.
52.
BååthM.JogestrandT.LindqvistM.LundF.WahlgrenN GBenediktsdottirK.Non-invasive diagnosis of carotid artery obstructive disease — an evaluation of the ultrasonic duplex technique and supraorbital fluorescein angiography (SOFA). (Unpublished observations.)
53.
HeisermanJ EDrayerB PFramE K. Carotid artery stenosis: Clinical efficacy of two dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography. Radiology1992; 182: 761–68.
54.
WahlgrenN. G.Carotiskirurgi motiverad vid symtomgivande höggradiga stenoser. Läkartidningen1991; 88: 2203–206.
55.
GentonE.BarnettH JFieldsW SGentM.HoakJ. C.XIV. Cerebral ischemia: The role of thrombosis and of antithrombotic therapy. Study group on anti-thrombotic therapy. Stroke1977; 8: 150–75.
56.
The Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study Group.Study design for randomized prospective trial of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic atherosclerosis. Stroke1989; 20: 844–49.
57.
DykenM. L.Carotid endarterectomy: A continuing cause for concern. Background. Stroke1992; 23: 1047.