Benefits of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists on 5-year risk of major amputation,all-cause mortality,myocardial infarction,and ischemic stroke in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia

Abstract

Background:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but their effect on the risk of cardiovascular events and amputation in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) remains underexplored. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the association between GLP-1RA use and the 5-year risk of major amputation, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with CLTI.

Methods:

The TriNetX real-world clinical data platform was used to identify patients with T2DM and CLTI, categorized by GLP-1RA prescription records. Propensity score matching was applied based on demographics, comorbidities, concurrent medications, and laboratory values. Cox proportional hazards, Kaplan–Meier curves, and the log-rank test were used for analysis.

Results:

Among 139,173 patients with T2DM and CLTI, 17,306 patients were GLP-1RA users and 121,867 were non-GLP-1RA users. Following propensity score matching, 15,743 patients remained in each group (91% match rate). The mean age was 65.4 ± 11 years and 58.9% were men. The mean follow-up duration was 753.7 days. GLP-1RA users had a significantly lower rate of major amputation (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.745; 95% CI: 0.679–0.816; log-rank p < 0.001), all-cause mortality (HR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.663–0.738; log-rank p < 0.001), and myocardial infarction (MI) (HR: 0.838; 95% CI: 0.792–0.886; log-rank p < 0.001). There was no difference in the risk of ischemic stroke (HR: 0.969; 95% CI: 0.906–1.036; log-rank p = 0.353).

Conclusion:

The use of GLP-1RA medications is associated with a significant decrease in the 5-year risk of major amputations, all-cause mortality, and MI in diabetic patients with CLTI.