This article examines some of the implications of a rights based approach to disability which, it is argued, is a necessary pre-condition of an inclusive society in which people with impairments are valued and able to participate fully. It considers the main ways in which this approach is shaping current ED law and policy. It identifies a number of strategies which may prove useful to disability organisations and other campaigners wishing to establish or consolidate a rights based approach in their own national laws and policies.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbberleyP.(1995) Disabling Ideology in Health and Welfare — The Case of Occupational Therapy. Disability & Society, 10, 221.
ClementsL.ReadJ.(2003) Disabled People and European Human Rights: A Review of the Implications of the 1998 Human Rights Act on Disabled Children and Adults in the UK. Policy Press; Bristol.
7.
CorkerM.DavisJ.M.(2000) Disabled Children: (Still) Invisible Under the Law. In Law, Rights & Disability (CooperJ., ed.) Jessica Kingsley Publishing; London.
8.
CunninghamG.McKennaG.(13 July 2001) Defeat turns to victory. Irish Independent.
9.
DawR.(2000) The Impact of the Human Rights Act on Disabled People. Disability Rights Commission and Royal National Institute for Deaf People; London.
10.
DegenerT.Koster-DreeseY. (eds.) (1995) Human Rights and Disabled Persons: Essays and Relevant Human Rights Instruments. Martinus Nijhoff; Dordrecht/Boston/London.
11.
DTI (2004A) Fairnessfor All: A New Commissionfor Equality and Human Rights. HMSO; London (12 May).
12.
DTI (2004B) Government Response to the Consultation on Fairness for All: A New Commissionfor Equality and Human Rights. HMSO; London (18 November).
13.
DHSS (1969) Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the Allegations of Ill-treatment and Other Irregularities at Ely Hospital, Cardiff (Howe Report) Cmnd 3785. HMSO; London.
14.
DrakeR.(1996) Charities, Authority and Disabled People: A Qualitative Study. Disability & Society, 11, 5.
15.
DriegerD.(1989) The Last Civil Rights Movement: Disabled Peoples’ International. St Martins Press; New York.
16.
FinkelsteinV.(1981) Disability and the Helper/Helped Relationship: An Historical View. In Handicap in a Social World (BrechinA.LiddiardP.SwainJ., eds.) Hodder & Stoughton; London.
FredmanS.(2002) Why the UK Government should sign and ratify Protocol 12. Equal Opportunities Review, 105, 21.
19.
FredmanS.(2005) Does Disability Equality Challenge the Existing Anti-Discrimination Paradigm? In Disability Rights in Europe: From Theory to Practice (LawsonA.GoodingC. eds.) Hart Publishing; 2005.
20.
GostinL.HerrS.T.KohH.(eds.) (2002) The Human Rights of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities. Oxford University Press; Oxford.
21.
HalesG. (ed.) (1996) Beyond Disability, Towards an Enabling Society. Sage Publications: London.
22.
HarrisD.DarcyJ.(2001) The European Social Charter. Transnational Publishers inc; Ardsley New York.
23.
HendriksA.(1999) From Social (In)Security to Equal Employment Opportunities: A Report from the Netherlands. In Disability, Diversability and Legal Change (JonesM.Basser MarksL.A. eds.) Martinus Nijhoff; London.
24.
LawsonA.MatthewsB.(forthcoming) Dismantling Barriers to Transport by Law: The European Journey. In Disability Policy and Practice: Applying the Social Model (BarnesC.MerserJ., eds.) Disability Press; Leeds.
25.
LewisO. (2002) Mental Disability Law in Central and Eastern Europe: Paper, Practice, Promise. Journal of Mental Health Law, 8, 293.
McColganA.(2003) Principles of Equality and Protection from Discrimination in International Human Rights Law. European Human Rights Law Review, 157, 168–70.
28.
MiddletonL.(1999) Disabled Children: Challenging Social Exclusion. Blackwell Science Publications; Oxford.
29.
NovitzT.(2002) Are Social Rights Necessarily Collective Rights? A Critical Analysis of the Collective Complaints Protocol to the European Social Charter. European Human Rights Law Review, 52.
30.
O’BrienN.(2005) The UK Disability Rights Commission and Strategic Law Enforcement: Transcending the Common Law Mind. In Disability Rights in Europe: From Theory to Practice (LawsonA.GoodingC. eds.) Hart Publishing; Oxford.
31.
O’CinneideC.(2005) A New Generation of Equality Legislation: Positive Duties and Disability Rights. In Disability Rights in Europe: From Theory to Practice (LawsonA.GoodingC., eds.) Hart Publishing; Oxford.
32.
O’GormanJ.(2004) E. U. Quality Disability Service Provision in the Twenty-First Century: An NGO Service Provider Perspective. A paper delivered at the Equal Opportunities for People with Disabilities: Cooperation and Partnership conference, Sofia, Bulgaria, 10 December. Available at http://europa.eu.intjcommjemployment_socialjdisability/conference_bulgariajindex_en.html.
33.
OliverM.(1990) The Politics of Disablement. Macmillan; Basingstoke.
34.
OliverM.(1996) Understanding Disability: From Theory to Practice. MacMillan; Basingstoke.
35.
OlsonR.PennaD.VeithM. (2003) The Disability Movement in Europe. A paper delivered at the Western Political Science Association Meeting, Denver, Colorado, 27–30 March.
36.
OlsonR.PennaD.VeithM. (2004). The Evolution of the European Disability Movement. A paper delivered at the International Studies Association Annual Convention, Montreal, Canada, March.
37.
OswinM.(1989) An Historical Perspective. In Growing Up with Disability. (RobinsonC.StalkerK., eds.) Jessica Kingsley Publishers; London.
38.
PriestleyM.(1998) Constructions and Creations: Idealism, Materialism and Disability Theory. Disability & Society, 13, 75.
39.
PriestleyM. (forthcoming) Between National and Global: Subsidiarity, Transnational Networks and the Making of European Disability Policy. In Journal of European Social Policy (forthcoming).
40.
QuinnG.(1999) The Human Rights of People with Disabilities under EU Law. In The EU and Human Rights (AlstonP., ed.) Oxford.
41.
QuinnG.(2001) The European Union and the Council of Europe on the Issue of Human Rights: Twins Separated at Birth?McGill Law Journal46, 845.
42.
QuinnG.DegenerT.(2002) Survey of International, Comparative and Regional Disability Law Reform. In Disability Rights Law and Policy: International and National Perspectives (BreslinM.YeeS., eds.) Transnational Publishers Inc; Ardsley New York.
43.
QuinnG. (forthcoming) The European Social Charter and EU Anti-Discrimination Law in the Field of Disability: Two Gravitational Fields with One Common Purpose. In Social Rights (AlstonP.De BurcaG., eds.) Oxford University Press; Oxford.
44.
SamoyE.WaterplasL.(1992) Sheltered Employment in the European Community. Commission of the European Communities; Brussels.
45.
ThorntonP.LuntN.(1997) Employment Policies for Disabled People in Eighteen Countries: a review. University of York, Social Policy Research Unit; York.
46.
UPIAS (1976) Fundamental Principles of Disability. UPIAS/Disability Alliance; London.
47.
WaddingtonL.(1994) Legislating to Employ People with Disabilities: The European and American Way. Maastrict Law Journal, 1, 367.
48.
WaddingtonL.(2000) Changing Attitudes to the Rights of People with Disabilities in Europe. In Law, Rights and Disability (CooperJ., ed.) Jessica Kingsley Publishers; London.
49.
WaddingtonL.DillerM.(2002) Tensions and Coherence in Disability Policy: The Uneasy Relationship Between Social Welfare and Civil Rights Models of Disability in American, European and International Employment Law. In Disability Rights Law and Policy: International and National Perspectives (BreslinM.YeeS., eds.) Transnational Publishers Inc; Ardsley New York.
50.
WaddingtonL.(2004) Taking Stock and Looking Forward: The Commission Green Paper on Equality and Non-Discrimination in an Enlarged European Union. Industrial Law Journal, 33, 367.
51.
WhittleR.(2002) The Framework Directive for Equal Treatment in Employment and Occupation: An Analysis from a Disability Rights Perspective. European Law Review303.
52.
WintemuteR.(2004A) Filling the Article 14 “Gap”: Government Ratification and Judicial Control of Protocol No 12 ECHR. Part 2. European Human Rights Law Review, 484.
53.
WintemuteR.(2004B) Within the Ambit: How Big is the “Gap” in Article 14 European Convention on Human Rights? Part 1. European Human Rights Law Review, 366.
