This study is concerned with identifying those destination attributes (pull) factors which influence European travellers' selection of Africa as a vacation destination region. It seeks to provide a database and an identification of a positioning framework within which the relevant tourism planners and promoters can promote the various sub-regions to selected European visitor markets. The research data suggests that African tourism marketers should pay attention to factors over which they have comparative advantage rather than trying to copy destinations in other parts of the world.
Forrester, V. (1993) 'In Tourism, Pricing is Crucial', African Business, May, p. 47.
2.
Teye, V. (1988) 'Prospects for r Regional Tourism Cooperation in Africa', Tourism Management, Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 221.
3.
Ankomah, P. (1991) 'Tourism Skilled Labor: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa', Annals of Tourism Research , Vol. 18, pp. 433-442.
4.
Novicki, M. (1983) `Zimbabwe: Tourism with a Social Slant', Africa Report, January- February, pp. 49-53.
5.
Ephson, B. (1993) 'Tourism in Ghana: Harnessing the Potential', West Africa Magazine.
6.
Africa Research Bulletin (1992) No. 11,006, 16th September-15th October.
7.
Tcyc, ref. 2.
8.
Ferrario, F.F. (1979) 'The Evaluation of Tourist Resources: An Applied Methodology', Journal of Travel Research , Winter, pp. 18-22.
9.
Ibid.
10.
Kotler, P., Haider, D. and Rein, I. (1993) 'Marketing Places: Attracting Investment, Industry and Tourism to Cities, States and Nations', The Free Press , New York.
11.
Smith, S.L.J. (1989) 'Tourism Analysis: A Handbook' , Longman Scientific and Technical Group.
12.
Gunn, C.A. (1982) 'Tourism Development Potential in Canada', Canadian Government Office of Tourism, Ottawa.
13.
World Tourism Organization ( 1996) 'Tourism Market Trends, 1985-1995'.
14.
Shackleford, P. (1980) 'The Demo-graphics of European Travel', in C. Wilson, ed., 'Caribbean Tourism Markets, Structures and Strategies', Proceedings of the CTRC Regional Marketing Seminar on 'A New Approach to Marketing Caribbean Tourism'.
15.
Williams, A.V. (1976) 'Tourism' in C. G. Knight and J. L. Newman , eds, 'Contemporary Africa: Geography and Change', Prentice Hall, NJ.
16.
Shackleford, ref. 14.
17.
Smith, S.L.J. (1983) 'Identification of Functional Tourism Regions in North America', Journal of Travel Research , Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 13-21.
18.
Gunn, C.A. (1979) 'Tourism Planning', Crane Restack , New York; (1988) 'Tourism Planning', Taylor and Francis, New York; ref. 12 above; Smith, refs. 11 and 17.
19.
Smith, ref. 17.
20.
Kotler et al., ref 10.
21.
Crompton, J. (1979) 'Why People Go on a Pleasure Vacation', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 408-424.
22.
Williams, A. and Zelinski, W. (1970) 'On Some Patterns in International Tourist Flows', Economic Geography, Vol. 46, pp. 549-567.
23.
Dann, G. (1977) 'Anomie, Ego-Enhancement and Tourism', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 184-194.
24.
Gray, J. (1970) 'International Travel — International Trade ', Lexington Books.
25.
Belk, R.W. (1975) 'Situational Variables and Consumer Behavior', Journal of Consumer Research, No. 2, December, pp. 157-164; Calantone, R.L. and Johar, J.S. (1984) 'Seasonal Segmentation of the Tourist Market Using a Benefit Segmentation Framework', Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 14-24; Bonn, M., Uysal, M. and Furr, L. (1990) 'A Segmentation Analysis of Peak Season and Shoulder Season Resort Visitors' , in 'The Tourism Connection: Linking Research and Marketing' , Proceedings of the 21st TTRA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 61-79.
26.
Haahti, A.J. and Yavas, U. (1983) 'Tourists' Perceptions of Finland and Selected European Countries as Travel Destinations', European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 34-43.
27.
Ferrario, ref. 8.
28.
Calantone, R.J., Dibenedetto, C.A. and Bojanic, D.C. (1989) 'Multiple Multinational Tourism Positioning Using Correspondence Analysis', Journal of Travel Research.
29.
Ankomah, B. (1990) 'The 1990s: An African Turning Point', African Business, February, p. 10.
30.
Ankomah, P.K. and Crompton, J.L. (1990) 'Unrealized Potential: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa', Tourism Management, March, pp. 11-27.
31.
Gunn, C.A. (1965) 'A Concept for the Design of a Tourism-Recreation Region', BJ Press, Mason, MI.
32.
Teye, V.B. (1986) 'Liberation Wars and Tourism Development in Africa: The Case of Zambia', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 13, p. 598.
