Clinical Care and the Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Lucey JF Dangman B . A re-examination of the role of oxygen in retrolental fibroplasia. Pediatrics 1984; 73: 82–96

Criswick VG Schepens CL . Familial exudative retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1969; 68: 578

Gibson DL Sheps SB Schechter MT Wiggins S McCormick AQ . Retinopathy of prematurity: A new epidemic? Pediatrics 1989; 83: 486–492

Saito Y Omoto T Cho Y Hatsukawa Y Fujimura M Takeuchi T . The progression of retinopathy of prematurity and fluctuation in blood gas tension. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1993; 231: 151–156

Cunningham S Fleck BW Elton RA McIntosh N . Transcutaneous oxygen levels in retinopathy of prematurity. Lancet 1995; 346: 1464–1465

Penn JS Henry MM Tolman BL . Exposure to alternating hypoxia and hyperoxia causes severe proliferative retinopathy in the newborn rat. Pediatr Res 1994; 36: 724–731

Phelps DL Rosenbaum AL . Effects of marginal hypoxaemia on recovery from oxygen-induced retinopathy in the kitten model. Pediatrics 1984; 73: 1–6

Reynaud X Dorey CK . Extraretinal neovascularization induced by hypoxic episodes in the neonatal rat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35: 3169–3177

American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Guidelines for perinatal care, 2nd edn. 1988: 247

Report of a BPA working party: Neonatal Resuscitation. London: British Paediatric Association 1993

Ramji S Rooth G Saugstad OD . Resuscitation of asphyxic newborn infants with room air or 100% oxygen. Pediatr Res 1993; 34: 809–812

Lundstrom KE Pryds O Greisen G . Oxygen at birth and prolonged cerebral vasoconstriction in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 1995; 73: F81–F86

Wasunna A Whitelaw AGL . Pulse oximetry in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62: 957–961

Deckhardt R Steward DJ . Noninvasive arterial hemoglobin saturation versus transcutaneous oxygen tension monitoring in the preterm infant. Crit Care Med 1984; 12: 935

Termote JUM SchalijDelfos NE WittebolPost D Brouwers HAA Hoogervorst BR Cats BP . Surfactant replacement therapy: A new risk factor in developing retinopathy of prematurity? Eur J Pediatr 1994; 153: 113–116

Pennefather PM Tin W Clarke MP Fritz S Strong NP . Retinopathy of prematurity in a controlled trial of prophylactic surfactant treatment. Br J Ophthalmol 1996; 80: 420–424

Hittner HM Godio LB Speer ME . Rudolph AJ. Retrolenta fibroplasia: Efficacy of vitamin E in a double blind clinical study of preterm infants. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 1365–1371

Watts JL Sinclair JC Bracken MB , eds. Effective Care of the Newborn Infant. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1992: 26, 617–639

Johnson L Quinn GE Abbasi S Otis C . Effect of sustained pharmacologic vitamin E levels on incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity: A controlled clinical trial. J Pediatr 1989; 114: 827–838

Finer NN Peters KL Hayek Z Merkel CL . Vitamin E and necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics 1984; 73: 387–393

Rosenbaum AL Phelps DL Isenberg SJ Leake RD Dorey F . Retinal hemorrhage in retinopathy of prematurity associated with tocopherol treatment. Ophthalmology 1985; 92: 1012–1014

Lakatos L Hatvani I Orozlan G Karmazsin L Matkovics B . d-Penacillamine in the prevention of retrolental fibroplasia. Acta Paediatr Sci Hung 1982; 23: 327–335

Russell GAB Cooke RWI . Randomised controlled trial of allopurinol prophylaxis in very preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 1995; 73: F27–F31

Shenai JP Kennedy KA Chytil F Stahlman MT . Clinical trial of vitamin A supplementation in infants susceptible to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr 1987; 111: 269–277

Lanum J . The damaging effects of light on the retina. Surv Ophthamol 1978; 22: 221–249

Stefanson E Wolbarsht ML Landers MB . In vivo oxygen consumption in rhesus monkeys in light and dark. Exp Eye Res 1983; 37: 251–256

Baerts W De BlecourtDevilee Wildervanck M Sauer PJJ . Ambient light, ophthalmic artery blood flow velocities and retinopathy of prematurity. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Pediatr 1993; 82: 719–722

Hammerman C Aramburo MJ . Decreased lipid intake reduces morbidity in sick premature neonates. J Pediatr 1988; 113: 1083–1088

Bossi E Koerner F Flury B Zulauf M . Retinopathy of prematurity: A risk factor analysis with univariate and multivariate statistics. Helv Paediatr Acta 1984; 39: 307–317

Flower RW Blake DA . Retrolental fibroplasia: Evidence for the role of the prostaglandin cascade in the pathogenesis of oxygen-induced retinopathy in the newborn beagle. Pediatr Res 1981; 15: 1293–1302

Gersony WM Peckham GJ Ellison RC . Effects of indomethacin in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus: Results of a national collaborative study. J Pediatr 1983; 102: 895–905

Yeh TF Raval D Pyati S Plides RS . Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and indomethacin therapy in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Prostaglandins 1983; 25: 385–391

Bohler T Wagner S Seiberth V Linderkamp O . Blood rheology and retinopathy in premature infants with very low birth weight. Clin Hemorheol 1995; 15: 305–309

Dhillon B McColl P Lowe GDO Fleck BW . Blood viscosity and retinopathy of prematurity: A preliminary report. Metabolic, Pediatr Systemic Ophthalmol 1992; 15: 25–28

Okada K Jikihara S Yamamoto T Ichihashi H Yoshida H . Systemic factors involved in the pathogenesis and evolution of retinopathy of prematurity. Folia Ophthalmologica Japonica 1993; 44: 1410–1414

Fauchere J MeierGibbons FE Koerner F Bossi E . Retinopathy of prematurity and bilirubin — No clinical evidence for a beneficial role of bilirubin as a physiological anti-oxidant. Eur J Pediatr 1994; 153: 358–362

Alon T Hemo I Itin A Peer J Stone J Keshet E . Vascular endothelial growth factor acts as a survival factor for newly formed retinal vessels and has implications for retinopathy of prematurity. Nature Medicine 1995; 1: 1024–1028