The Obstetrics

Morris W . Reports of Societies. J Obstet Gynecol Br Commonwealth 1955; 62: 302–305

Dignam WJ . Difficulties in delivery, including shoulder dystocia and representation of the fetus. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1976; 19: 3–12

O'Leary JA . Deliery techniques. In: Shoulder dystocia and birth injury. New York: McGraw-Hill 1992: 110–124

Gross SJ Shime J Farine D . Shoulder dystocia: predictors and outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 334–336

Wood C Ng KH Hounslow D Benning H . Time — an important variable in normal delivery. J Obstet Gynecol Br Conim 1973; 80: 295–300

Klebanoff MA Mills JL Berendes HW . Mothers' birth weight as a predictor of macrosomia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 153: 253–258

Emerson R . Obesity and its association with the complications of pregnancy. BMJ 1962; 2: 516–519

Boyd ME Usher RH McLean FH . Fetal macrosomia -prediction, risks and proposed management. Obstet Gynaecol 1983; 61: 715–722

Parks DG Ziel HK . Macrosomia — a proposed indication for primary cacsarean section. Obstet Gynaecol 1978; 52: 407–409

White DR . Does mother know best? Maternal assessment of relative fetal size in utero. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 95: 135–137

Campbell S Wilkin D . Ultrasonic measurement of fetal abdominal circumference in the estimation of fetal weight. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1975; 82: 689–697

Rosati P Exacoustos A Caruso A Mancuso S . Ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal macrosomia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1992; 2: 23–29

Hopwood HG . Shoulder dystocia — fifteen years experience in a community hospital. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 144: 162–166

Benedetti TJ Gabbe S . Shoulder dystocia — a complication of fetal macrosomia and prolonged second stage of labour with midpclvic delivery. Obstet Gynaecol 1978; 52: 526–529

Gibb D . A practical guide to labour management. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications 1988

Gonik B Stringer C Held B . An alternative manoeuvre for the management of shoulder dystocia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 145: 882–884

O'Lcary JA Pollack NB . McRoberts manoeuvre for shoulder dystocia: a survey, hit J Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 35: 129–131

Carter V . Another technique for the resolution of shoulder dystocia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 154: 964 (letter)

Gaskin IM . Shoulder dystocia. Birth Gazette 1988; 5 (1): 14–17

Woods CE . A principle of physics as applied to shoulder dystocia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1943; 45: 796–804

Rubin A . Management of shoulder dystocia. JAMA 1964; 189: 835–837

van Roosmalen J . Symphysiotomy — a reappraisal for the developing world. In: Studd J , Ed. Progress in obstetrics and gynaecology, vol 9. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 1991

Hartfield V . Symphysiotomy for shoulder dystocia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: 228 (letter)

Sandberg EC . The Zavanelli manoeuvre: a potentially revolutionary method for the resolution of shoulder dystocia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 152: 479–484

Dimitry ES . Cephalic replacement: a desperate solution for shoulder dystocia. J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 10: 49–50

O'Leary JA Gunn D . Cephalic replacement for shoulder dystocia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 153: 592–596

Acker DB Sachs BP Fnedmann EA 1986 Risk factors for shoulder dystocia in the average weight infant. Obstet Gynaecol 67: 614–618

Hofmeyr GJ . Suspected fetopelvic disproportion. In: Chalmers I Enkin M Keirse MJNC , Eds. Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1989: 493–498

Sack RA . The large infant: a study of maternal, obstetric, fetal newborn characteristics including a long-term paediatnc follow-up. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 104: 195–204