Safety,Training and How to Avoid Trouble in Minimal Access Surgery

Examining less invasive surgery: an analysis of trends and current practices. Voluntary Hospitals of America (VHA) 1993: 25–26

1992 Fact Book, American College of Surgeons

Grundfest WS . Is laparoscopic surgery safe and effective? An overview of laparoscopic surgery. J Laparoendosc Surg 1993; 3: 243–246

Foster DA Kleinke JD Young-Hasler J . Increased cholecystectomy rate after introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JAMA 1994; 271 (7): 500–501

Troidl H . The philosophy of patient-friendly surgery. In: Rosin RD , Ed. Minimal access medicine and surgery. Oxford: Radchffe Medical Press, 1993

Troidl H . The general surgeon and the trauma surgeon — binding the wounds. Theor Surg 1990; 5: 64–74

Deziel DJ Millikan KW Economou SG Doolas A Ko S Airan MC . Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a national survey of 4292 hospitals and an analysis of 77 604 cases. Am J Surg 1993; 165: 9–14

Meyers WC Branum GD Farouk M A prospective analysis of 1518 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. N Engl J Med. 1991; 324: 1073–1078

Larson GM Vitalc GC Casey J Multipractice analysis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1983 patients. Am J Surg 1992; 163: 221–226

Wittgen CM Andrus CH Fitzgerald SD Baudendistel LJ Dahms TE Kaminski DL . Analysis of the hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 1991; 126: 997–1001

Wittgen CM Naunheim KS Andrus CH Kaminski DL . Properative pulmonary function evaluation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 1993; 128: 880–886

Safran D Sgambati S Orlando R III . Laparoscopy in high risk cardiac patients. Surg Gynaecol Obstet 1993; 176: 548–554

Bongard FS Pianim N Liu S Lippmann M Davis IK Klein S . Using helium for insufflation during laparoscopy. JAMA 1991; 266: 3131

Smith RS Fry WR Tsoi EKM Gasless laparoscopy and conventional instruments. Arch Surg 1993; 128: 1102–1107

Loffer FD Pent D . Indications, contraindications and complications of laparoscopy. Obstet Gynaecol Surv 1975; 30: 407–427

Davidoff AM Pappas TN Murray EA Mechanisms of major biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 1992; 215: 196–202

Hunter JG . Avoidance of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 1991; 162: 71–76

Way LW . Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 1992; 215: 195

Fitzgibbons R Jr Annibali R Litke B Filipi C Salerno G Cornet D . A multicentred clinical trial on laparosocpic inguinal hernia repair: preliminary results (Abstract). Surg Endosc 1993; 7: 115

Eubanks S Newman L III Goehring L Meralgia paresthetica: a complication of laparoscopic herniorrhaphy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1993; 3: 381–385

Winchester DJ Dawes LG Modelski DD Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a preliminary experience. Arch Surv 1993; 128: 781–786

Frazee RC Roberts JW Okeson GC Open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparison of postoperative pulmonary function. Ann Surg 1991; 213: 651–654

Litwin DEM Girotti MJ Poulin EC Mamazza J Nagy AG . Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: trans-Canada experience with 2201 cases. Can J Surg 1992; 35: 291–296

Williams LF Jr Chapman WC Bonau RA McGee EC Jr Boyd RW Jacobs K . Comparison of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with open cholecystectomy in a single center. AmJ Surg 1993; 165: 459–465

Beebe DS McNevin MP Crain JM Evidence of venous stasis after abdominal insufflation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993; 176: 443–447

Millar JA Hill BB Cook PS Fenoglio ME Stahlgren LH . Intermittent sequential pneumatic compression in prevention of venous stasis associated with pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 1993; 128: 914–919

MacFadyen BV Jr Arregui ME Corbitt JD Jr Complications of laparoscopic herniorrhaphy. Surg Endosc 1993; 7: 155–158

O'Rourke N Price PM Kelly S Sikor K . Tumour innoculation during laparoscopy. Lancet 1993: 342–368

Fusco MA Paluzzi MW . Abdominal wall recurrence after laparoscopically assisted colectomy for adenocarcinoma of the colon. Dis Colon Rectum 1993; 36: 858–861

Fong Y Brenna MF Turnbull A Gall bladder cancer discovered during laparoscopic surgery. Arch Surg 1993; 128: 1054–1056

Hughes ES McDermott FT Polglase AI Johnson WR . Tumour recurrence in the abdominal wall scar tissue after large bowel cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 1983; 26: 571–572

Noah M . Endoscopy simulation. Endosc Rev. 1991; 8: 8–28