This paper begins by considering briefly the interdependent nature of the health care sector and suggests that most research on structural change in the hospital system has ignored that obvious fact. It then goes on to argue that this failure will become even more significant in the face of the large scale changes that are expected in the way health services are delivered. Its central proposal is that the research horizons should be widened, particularly if change on the scale that appears likely is to be properly evaluated. How that may be done is considered in the final section.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
WistowG.Aspirations and realities: Community care at the crossroads. Leeds: Nuffield Institute of Health, 1995.
2.
HarrisonAJ. Service Development: Conflict and consistency. In: HarrisonAJ. (ed). Health Care UK 1994/95. London: King's Fund, 1995.
3.
PurolaT.A systems approach to health and health policy. Medical Care1972; 10: 373–379.
4.
Ministry of Health. Hospital plan for England and Wales. London: HMSO, 1962.
5.
London Implementation Group. Report of an independent review of specialist services in London: Cardiac. London: HMSO, 1993.
6.
London Implementation Group. Report of an independent review of specialist services in London: Cardiac. London: HMSO, 1993.
7.
London Implementation Group. Report of an independent review of specialist services in London: Plastics and burns. London: HMSO, 1993.
8.
London Implementation Group. Report of an independent review of specialist services in London: Children. London: HMSO, 1993.
9.
London Implementation Group. Report of an independent review of specialist services in London: Cancer. London: HMSO, 1993.
10.
London Implementation Group. Report of an independent review of specialist services in London: Renal. London: HMSO, 1993.
11.
London Implementation Group. Report of an independent review of specialist services in London: Neurosciences. London: HMSO, 1993.
12.
CampbellRMacfarlaneA.Where to be born? The debate and the evidence. Oxford: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, 1995.
13.
FloodA BScottW.Hospital structure and performance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.
14.
ShortellSBeckerS WNeuhauserD.The effects of management practices on hospital efficiency and quality of care. In: ShortellSBrownN. (eds). Organisational research in hospital. Chicago: Blue Cross Association, 1976.
15.
ShortellSLogerfoJ.Hospital medical staff organisation and quality of care: Results for myocardial infarction and appendectomy. Medical Care1981; 19: 1041–1053.
16.
BlackNJohnstonA.Volume and outcome in hospital care: Evidence, explanations and implications. Health Services Management Research1990; 3: 108–114.
17.
NHS Centre for Research and Dissemination. Relationship between volume and quality of health care: A review of the literature. CRD Report 2. York: University of York, 1995.
18.
KassirerJ K. Access to specialty care. New England Journal of Medicine1994; 331: 1151–1153.
19.
ShortellS MGilliesR RDeversK J. Reinventing the American hospital. The Milbank Quarterly1995; 73: 131–160.
20.
MalcolmL A. Primary health care and the hospital: Incompatible organisational concepts?Social Science and Medicine1994; 39: 455–458.
21.
AndersonI D. Retrospective study of 1000 deaths from injury in England and Wales. British Medical Journal1988; 296: 1303–1308.
22.
MayerJ D. Seattle's paramedic programme: Geographical distribution, response time and mortality. Social Science and Medicine1979; 13D: 45–51.
23.
PencheonD.Opportunities in emergency care (in press).
24.
McNichollB P. The golden hour and prehospital trauma care. Injury1994; 25: 251–254.
25.
RyderSKirkupBAkehurstR.Measuring clinical need: When do hospital specialties need to be close to one another?York: University of York, undated.
26.
HarrisonA J. Acute futures. London: King's Fund (in press).
27.
WolfsonM C. Social proprioception: Measurement, data and information from a population health perspective. In: EvansR GBarerM LMarmorT R. (eds). Why are some people healthy and others not? The determinants of health of populations. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1994.
28.
HillsJ.The future of welfare: A guide to the debate. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 1993.
29.
DuruGPaelinckJ H P. (Eds). Econometrics of health care: Advanced studies in theoretical and applied econometrics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
30.
MarksL.Home and hospital care: Redrawing the boundaries. London: King's Fund Institute, 1991.
31.
AngliaR H A East. The rubber windmill 1992: Planning to achieve health gain. Cambridge: East Anglia RHA, 1992.
32.
King's Fund. London health care 2010: Changing the future of services in the capital. London: King's Fund, 1992.
33.
PuskaPSalonenJ TKoskelaKSmolanderAPekkolaJNaccobyN.The community-based strategy to prevent coronary heart disease: Conclusions from the ten years of the North Karelia project. Annual Review of Public Health1985; 6: 147–193.
34.
BrookR HWareJ ERogersW HKeelerE BDaviesA RDonaldC A. Does free care improve adults' health? Results from a randomised controlled trial. New England Journal of Medicine1983; 309: 1426–1434.
35.
Secretaries of Seate Cm 2625. Improving NHS dentistry. London: HMSO, 1994.
36.
NaidooBThorogoodMMcPhersonKGunning-SchepersL.Modelling the effects of physical activity interventions, Abstract of paper given to the Society for Social Medicine 39th Annual Scientific Meeting, 1995.
37.
BeechRThompsonJSmythJ.Forecasting change. Health Service Journal1990; 100: 1438–1440.
38.
LancasterK.A new approach to consume theory. Journal of Political Economy1966; 74: 132–157.
39.
Department of health. Research for health. London: NHS R&D Division, 1993.