McCartneyGCollinsCMackenzieM. What (or who) causes health inequalities: theories, evidence and implications?Health Policy2013; 113: 221–227.
2.
Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Geneva: WHO, 2008.
3.
BeckfieldJKriegerN. Epi + demos + cracy: linking political systems and priorities to the magnitude of health inequities—evidence, gaps, and a research agenda. Epidemiol Rev2009; 31: 152–177.
4.
WalshDMcCartneyG. ‘Social murder’? Austerity and life expectancy in the UK. Bristol: Policy Press, 2025.
5.
ChecklandKBramwellDHammondJ, et al.Tackling health inequalities: what exactly do we mean? Evidence from health policy in England. J Health Serv Res Pol2025; 30: 13558196251334571.
6.
CareyGMalbonECrammondB, et al.Can the sociology of social problems help us to understand and manage ‘lifestyle drift?’. Health Promot Int2017; 32: 755–761.
7.
MackenzieMBaruffatiDLindsayC, et al.Fundamental causation and candidacy: harnessing explanatory frames to better understand how structural determinants of health inequalities shape disengagement from primary healthcare. Soc Sci Med2025; 374: 118043.
8.
Tudor HartJ. The inverse care law. Lancet1971; 297: 405–412.
9.
BogieJBezzinaCLunanC, et al.What interventions have addressed the inverse care law in general practice in Scotland over the last 20 years? A systematic scoping review. Br J Gen Pract2024; 74: bjgp24X737529.
10.
WilperAPWoolhandlerSLasserKE, et al.Health insurance and mortality in US adults. Am J Publ Health2009; 99: 2289–2295.
11.
LinkBGPhelanJC. McKeown and the idea that social conditions are fundamental causes of disease. Am J Publ Health2002; 92: 730–732.
12.
GkioulekaAMunfordLKhavandiS, et al.How can healthcare organisations improve the social determinants of health for their local communities? Findings from realist-informed case studies among secondary healthcare organisations in England. BMJ Open2024; 14: e085398.