Abstract
Measures for reducing the environmental impact of tourism can be taken at the micro-and/or regional level as well as at the macro level of an economy. At the micro- and/or regional level, measures to regulate tourism include assigning quotas or setting fees for endangered areas. Important additional tasks are the development of approaches to solve regional traffic congestion problems and the implementation of visitor management schemes. Macro-policy measures include the implementation of energy taxes, the collection of ‘eco fees', the restructuring of the working process towards more time flexibility and the promotion of service industries. Evaluation of these different strategies for reducing the environmental impact of tourism must also consider that society is not yet ready to accept measures that impact too deeply or too swiftly. Given this, it seems more realistic to put together an optimal bundle of different measures having a low impact at the beginning of their implementation, the impact could then be increased gradually from year to year.
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