This study proposes to standardize the sustainability measure in tourism and energy by examining the long-term effects of renewable energy sources and tourism demand on the achievement of SGDs from 2003 to 2019. Focusing on the seven most visited countries, we used IV-GMM and CS-ARDL models, AMG and CCEMG models to examine linear relationships, and Panel Quantile Regression analysis to explore the non-linear relationships between SDGs, renewable sources, and tourism demand. The positive impact of renewable energy sources on SGDs was revealed through CS-ARDL examination of long- and short-term relationships, while tourism demand showed no significant effect. On the other hand, Panel Quantile Regression analysis revealed a noteworthy association between renewable energy consumption and tourism demand with SDGs across various quantile levels.
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