Changing the Rules Changed the Game

Abstract

Some authors have argued that the change in the method of Conservative party leadership selection introduced in 1965 was modest in impact. This paper argues that the change in procedures transformed both the process and its outcomes. The effects of the procedural change are demonstrated by examining all leadership selections since 1945, comparing those conducted by informal consultation with those decided by ballots of MPs. The transformation is evident in the timing and form of selection contests, the candidates considered for selection, and the leaders who are chosen. Fragmentary evidence from past selections suggests that the inclusion of party members in selection will again reshape both the process and outcomes.