This paper articulates a concept of culture as practical, socially organized human activity. Culture is not simply shared conceptual understandings, as many cultural psychologists believe. The manner in which cultural activity organizes psychological functions is explored in detail. The reciprocal influence of psychological functions on culture is also described.
Anheier, H.
, Gerhards, J., & Romo, F. (1995). Forms of capital and social structure in cultural fields: Examining Bourdieu's social topography. American Journal of Sociology, 100, 859-903.
2.
Bourdieu, P.
(1975). The specificity of the scientific field and the social conditions of the progress of reason. Social Science Information. 14, 19-47.
3.
Bourdieu, P.
(1977). Outline of a theory of practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
4.
Bourdieu, P.
(1990a). In other words: Essays toward a reflexive sociology. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
5.
Bourdieu, P.
(1990b). The logic of practice. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. (Original work published 1980)
6.
Bourdieu, P.
(1993). Sociology in question. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (Original work published 1984)
7.
Bourdieu, P.
, Boltanski, L., Castel, R., Chamboredon, J., & Schnapper, D. (1990). Photography: A middle-brow art. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. (Original work published 1965)
8.
Bourdieu, P.
, & Wacquant, L. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
9.
Dewey, J.
(1902). Interpretation of the savage mind. Psychological Review, 9, 217-230.
10.
Durkheim, E.
(1938). The rules of sociological method. New York: Free Press. (Original work published 1895)
11.
Durkheim, EJ.
(1995). The elementary forms of religious life. New York: Free Press. (Original work published 1915)
12.
Evans-Pritchard, E.
(1977). Witchcraft, oracles, and magic among the Azande. Oxford: Clarendon. (Original work published 1937)
13.
Fabrega, H.
, Mezzich, J., & Mezzich, A. (1988). Adjustment disorder as a nosological entity in DSM-III. In J. Mezzich & M. von Cranach (Eds.), International classification in psychiatry: Unity and diversity (pp. 153-165). New York: Cambridge University Press.
14.
Goddard, C.
(1995). Conceptual and cultural issues in emotion research. Culture & Psychology, 1, 289-298.
15.
Harre, R.
(1986). The social construction of emotions. New York: Blackwell.
16.
Holy, L.
(1990). Culture, cognition, and practical interaction. Cultural Dynamics, 2, 265-285.
17.
Ingoldsby, B.
(1995). Marital structure. In B. Ingoldsby & S. Smith (Eds.), Families in multicultural perspective (pp. 117-137). New York: Guilford.
18.
Josephs, I.E.
(1995). The problem of emotions from the perspective of psychological semantics. Culture & Psychology, 1, 279-288.
19.
Jost, J.
(1995). Toward a Wittgensteinian social psychology of human development. Theory and Psychology, 5, 5-26.
20.
Kleinman, A.
, & Good, B. (1985). Culture and depression: Studies in the anthropology and cross-cultural psychiatry of affect and disorder. Berkeley: University of California Press.
21.
Lakoff, G.
(1993). How metaphor structures dreams: The theory of conceptual metaphor applies to dream analysis. Dreaming, 3, 77-98.
22.
Leach, W.
(1993). Land of desire: Merchants, power, and the rise of a new American culture. New York: Pantheon.
23.
Leontiev, A.
(1979). The problem of activity in psychology. In J. Wertsch (Ed.), The concept of activity in Soviet psychology (pp. 37-71). Armonk, NY: Sharpe.
24.
Leontiev, A.
(1981). Problems of the development of the mind. Moscow: Progress.
25.
Levine, N.
(1988). The dynamics of polyandry. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
26.
Lewin, K.
(1935). The conflict between Aristotelian and Galilean modes of thought in contemporary psychology. In A dynamic theory of personality (pp. 1-42). New York: McGraw-Hill.
27.
Luria, A.R.
(1971). Towards the problem of the historical nature of psychological processes. International Journal of Psychology, 6, 259-272.
28.
Luria, A.R.
(1976). Cognitive development: Its cultural and social foundations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
29.
Lutz, C.
(1988). Unnatural emotions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
30.
Marx, K.
(1961). Capital (Vol. 1). Moscow: Progress. (Original work published 1887)
31.
Marx, K.
(1975). The critique of Hegel's philosophy of law: Introduction. In K. Marx & F. Engels, Collected works (Vol. 3, pp. 175-187). New York: International Publishers. (Original work published 1844)
32.
Marx, K.
, & Engels, F. (1964). The German ideology. Moscow: Progress. (Original work published 1846)
33.
Mauro, R.
, Sato, K., & Tucker, J. (1992). The role of appraisal in human emotions: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62,301-317.
34.
Minick, N.
(1990). Mind and activity in Vygotsky's work: An expanded frame of reference. Cultural Dynamics, 2, 162-187.
35.
Mistry, J.
, & Rogoff, B. (1994). Remembering in cultural context. In W. Lonner & R. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology and culture (pp. 139-144). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
36.
Moscovici, S.
(1984). The phenomenon of social representations. In R. Farr & S. Moscovici (Eds.), Social representations (pp. 3-69). New York: Cambridge University Press.
37.
Moscovici, S.
(1988). Notes toward a description of social representations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 211-250.
38.
Obeyesekere, G.
(1985). Depression, Buddhism, and the work of culture in Sri Lanka. In A. Kleinman & B. Good (Eds.), Culture and depression: Studies in the anthropology and cross-cultural psychiatry of affect and disorder (pp. 134-152). Berkeley: University of California Press.
39.
Ollman, B.
(1993). Dialectical investigations. New York: Routledge.
40.
Phillips, H.
(1959). Problems of translation and meaning in field work. Human Organization, 18, 184-192.
41.
Ratner, C.
(1991). Vygotsky's sociohistorical psychology and its contemporary applications. New York: Plenum.
42.
Ratner, C.
(1993). Review of D'Andrade and Strauss. Human motives and cultural models. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 14, 89-94.
43.
Ratner, C.
(1994). The unconscious: A perspective from sociohistorical psychology. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 15, 323-342.
44.
Rubin, I.I.
(1972). Essays on Marx's theory of value. Detroit, MI: Black & Red. (Original work published 1928)
45.
Sass, L.
(1992). Madness and modernism: Insanity in the light of modern art, literature, and thought.New York: Basic Books.
46.
Shweder, R.
(1990). Cultural psychology-What is it? In J. Stigler, R. Shweder, & G. Herdt (Eds.), Cultural psychology: Essays on comparative human development (pp. 1-43). New York: Cambridge University Press.
47.
Shweder, R.
, & Bourne, E. (1984). Does the concept of the person vary crossculturally? In R. Shweder & R. LeVine (Eds.). Culture theory: Essays on mind, self, and emotion (pp. 158-199). New York: Cambridge University Press.
48.
Shweder, R.
, & LeVine, R. (Eds.). (1984). Culture theory: Essays on mind, self, and emotion. New York: Cambridge University Press.
49.
Shweder, R.
, & Sullivan, M. (1993). Cultural psychology: Who needs it?Annual Review of Psychology, 44, pp. 497-523.
50.
Stearns, P.
(1989). Suppressing unpleasant emotions: The development of a twentieth-century American style. In A. Barnes & P. Stearns (Eds.), Social history and issues in human consciousness (pp. 230-261). New York: New York University Press.
51.
Thompson, J.B.
(1990). Ideology and modern culture: Critical social theory in the era of mass communication. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
52.
Tsunoda, T.
(1979). Difference in the mechanism of emotion in Japanese and Westerner. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 31, 367-372.
53.
Tulviste, P.
(1991). Cultural-historical development of verbal thinking. Commack, NY: Nova.
54.
Van der Merwe, W.
, & Voestermans, P. (1995). Wittgenstein's legacy and the challenge to psychology. Theory & Psychology, 5, 27-48.
55.
Van der Veer, R.
, & Valsiner, J. (1991). Understanding Vygotsky: A quest for synthesis. Oxford: Blackwell.
56.
Van Geert, P.
(1995). Green, red and happiness: Towards a framework for understanding emotion universals. Culture & Psychology, 1, 259-268.
57.
Vygotsky, L.S.
(1987). Collected works (Vol. I). New York: Plenum.
58.
Vygotsky, L.S.
(1991). Imagination and creativity. Soviet Psychology, 29, 73-88. (Original work published 1931)
59.
Wertsch, J.V.
(1995). Sociocultural research in the copyright age. Culture & Psychology, 1, 81-102.
60.
Whitehead, H.
(1981). The bow and the burden strap: A new look at institutionalized homosexuality in native North America. In S. Ortner & H. Whitehead (Eds.), Sexual meanings: The cultural construction of gender and sexuality (pp. 80-115). New York: Cambridge University Press.
61.
Wierzbicka, A.
(1995). Emotion and facial expression: A semantic perspective. Culture & Psychology, 1, 227-258.
62.
Williams, R.
(1977). Marxism and literature. New York: Oxford Unviersity Press.