Where is the Ground? Cultural Transmission and Psychological Adaptation of Sri Lankan-Tamil Ethnic Repatriates

Abstract

This qualitative study aimed to explore the cultural transmission and psychological adaptation of the Indian-origin Sri Lankan Tamil ethnic repatriates (SLTER) in the context of life in repatriation (LIR). Participants were SLTER living in the northern interior regions of Kerala. Thematic analysis derived two major themes, “Psychological consequences and expectations of repatriation” and “Mechanisms for coping with the aftermath of repatriation”. Desire for settlements in Sri Lanka despite not holding Sri Lankan citizenship, psychological consequences of repatriation, including longing for the land of origin, manifestations of cultural and emotional shock, and the adoption of food styles analogous to Sri Lankan Tamil Culture (SLTC) were highlighted in the study. Gender and generational differences in psychosomatic symptoms upon arrival were observed. The coping mechanisms included rationalization and language internalization. Participants used ostensive and pointing gestures as initial steps to internalize Indian culture. They are also connected with their Sri Lankan Tamil culture and transmitted that culture to subsequent generations through various socially acceptable forms. They try to find a middle ground between citizenship and refugee status, often feeling torn between their Indian culture and their connection to Sri Lanka due to limited social and economic rights and experiences of marginalization in both countries. Although these aspects have been little investigated, they warrant significant scholarly attention in the context of ethnic repatriation.