This study seeks to display therapeutic dialogue as a discursive genre. By using dialogic discourse analysis, the psychotherapeutic dialogue present in a set of excerpts from a time-limited psychotherapy is analyzed. This micro analytical methodology makes it possible to account for both the dialogal and the dialogic level of therapeutic conversation. The results show the linguistics markers employed by the participants and the voices in their speech. This enables us to illustrate how it is possible to perform a discursive analysis of therapeutic interaction. The value of approaching psychotherapy as a discursive genre and its methodological implications for research are discussed.
AlthusserL. (1971) Lenin and philosophy and other essays, New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.
2.
ÁlvarezG. (2001) Textos y contextos [Texts and contexts], Concepción: Editorial Universidad de Concepción.
3.
Angus, L., & McLeod, J. (Eds.). (2004). The Handbook of Narrative and Psychotherapy: Practice, theory and research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
4.
AvdiE.GeorgacaE. (2009) Narrative and discursive approaches to the analysis of subjectivity in psychotherapy. Social and Personality Psychology Compass3(5): 654–670.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00258.x.
5.
BakhtinM. (1982) Estética de la creación verbal [Esthetic of creation], México: Siglo XXI Editores.
6.
BakhtinM. (1986) Speech genres and others late essays, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
7.
Billig, M. (2006). A psychoanalytic discursive psychology: From consciousness to unconsciousness. Discourse Studies, 8(1), 17–24. (Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445606059546).
8.
Bromberg, P. M. (1998). Psychoanalysis, dissociation, and personality organization. In Standing in the spaces: Essays on clinical process, trauma, and dissociation (pp. 189–204). Hilsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
9.
Dimaggio, G., & Stiles, W. B. (2007). Psychotherapy in light of internal multiplicity. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 119–127. (Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/JCLP20335).
10.
DucrotO. (1986) El decir y lo dicho, Barcelona: Paidós.
ForresterM.ReasonD. (2006) Conversation analysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy research: Questions, issues, problems and challenges. PsychoanalyticPsychotherapy20(1): 40–64.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02668730500524229.
13.
GonçalvesM.GuilfoyleM. (2006) Dialogism and psychotherapy: Therapists’ and clients’ beliefs supporting monologism. Journal of Constructivist Psychology19: 251–271.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720530600691723.
14.
GonçalvesM.SalgadoJ. (2001) Mapping the multiplicity of the self. Culture & Psychology7(3): 367–377.
15.
Grossen, M., & Salazar, A. (2006, June). The speaker positioning: A manifestation of the dialogicity of the self. Paper presented at the symposium “Dialogue, semiotic triads and third parties”. Fourth International Conference on the Dialogical Self, Braga, Portugal.
16.
GumperzJ. J.BerenzN. (1990) Transcribing conversational exchanges. In: EdwardsJ.LampertM. (eds) Talking data: Transcription and coding in discourse research, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 91–121.
17.
HermansH. (1996) Voicing the self: From information processing to dialogical interchange. Psychological Bulletin119(1): 31–50.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.119.1.31.
18.
Hermans, H. (2001). The construction of a personal position repertoire: method and practice. Culture & Psychology, 7, 323. (Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067X0173005).
19.
HermansH. (2003) The construction and reconstruction of a dialogical self. Journal of Constructivist Psychology16(2): 89–130.. http://dx.doi.or/10.1080/10720530390117902.
20.
HermansH. (2004) The dialogical self: Between exchange and power. In: HermansH. J.DimaggioG. (eds) The dialogical self in psychotherapy, Hove: Brunner-Routledge, pp. 13–28.
21.
Hermans, H., & Hermans-Jansen, E. (2004). The dialogical construction of coalitions in a personal position repertoire. In H. Hermans & G. Dimaggio (Eds.), The Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy (pp.124–137). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.
22.
HermansH. (2008) How to perform research on the basis of dialogical self theory? Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Constructivist Psychology21: 185–199.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720530802070684.
23.
Kerbrat-OrecchioniC. (1993) La enunciación. De la subjetividad en el lenguaje, Buenos Aires: Edicial.
24.
KlugerA.NirD.KlugerY. (2008) Personal position repertoire (PPR) from a bird's eye view. Journal of Constructivist Psychology22(3): 223–238.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720530802071518.
25.
LarraínA.MedinaL. (2007) Análisis de la enunciación: Distinciones operativas para un análisis dialógico del discurso [Utteranceanalysis: Operative distinctions for a dialogical discourse analysis]. Estudios de Psicología28: 283–301.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/021093907782506443.
26.
LehmannO. (2013, August 28) Book review. Handbook of dialogical self theory, edited by Hurbert Hermans and Thorsten Gieser. Culture & Psychology19: 414–420.. doi:10.1177/1354067X13489321.
27.
LeimanM. (1992) The concept of sign in the work of Vygotsky, Winnicott and Bakhtin: Further integration of object relations theory and activity theory. British Journal of Medical Psychology65: 209–221.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812774.027.
28.
LeimanM. (1997) Procedures as dialogical sequences: A revised version of the fundamental concept in cognitive analytic therapy. British Journal of Medical Psychology70: 193–207.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1997.tb01899.x.
29.
LeimanM. (2002) Toward semiotic dialogism. The role of sign mediation in the dialogical self. Theory & Psychology12(2): 221–235.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354302012002631.
30.
Leiman, M. (2006, June). The structure of subjectivity in utterances. Dialogical sequence analysis as a method of investigation. Paper presented at the 4th international congress of the dialogical self. Braga. Portugal.
31.
LeimanM. (2011) Mikhail Bakhtin’s contribution to psychotherapy research. Culture & Psychology17(4): 441–461.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067X11418543.
32.
LeimanM. (2012) Dialogical sequence analysis in studying psychotherapeutic discourse. International Journal for Dialogical Science6(1): 123–147.
33.
LepperG.RidingN. (2006) Researching the psychotherapy process. A practical guide to transcript-based methods, New York, NY: Palgrave McMillan.
34.
MarkováI. (2003) Dialogicality and social representations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
35.
MartínezC. (2011) Regulación mutua y Dialogicidad en Psicoterapia: Un análisis empírico de la subjetividad e intersubjetividad en el discurso terapéutico [Mutual regulation and dialogue in psychotherapy: An empirical analysis of subjectivity and intersubjectivity in the therapeutic discourse], Saarbrücken, Germany: EAE Publishing.
36.
MartínezC.TomicicA.MedinaL. (2012) Dialogic discourse analysis (DDA) of psychotherapeutic dialog: Microanalysis of relevant psychotherapy episodes. International Journal for Dialogical Science6(1): 99–121.
Neimeyer, R. A., & Buchanan-Arvay, M. (2004). Performing the self: Therapeutic enactment and the narrative integration of traumatic loss. In H. J. M. Hermans & G. Dimaggio (Eds.), The dialogical self in psychotherapy (pp. 173–189). New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
39.
PeräkyläA. (2004) Making links in psychoanalytic interpretations: A conversation analytic perspective. Psychotherapy Research14(3): 289–307.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptr/kph026.
40.
SalvatoreS.CarcioneA.DimaggioG. (2012) The dependent self in narcissistic personality disorder in comparison to dependent personality disorder: A dialogical analysis. International Journal for Dialogical Science6(1): 31–49.
41.
SalvatoreS.GennaroA. (2012) The inherent dialogicality of the clinical exchange introduction to the special issue. International Journal for Dialogical Science6(1): 1–14.
42.
SalvatoreS.GennaroA.ValsinerJ. (2012) Making sense of infiniti uniqueness. The emerging system of ideographic science, Charlotte, NC: IAP, INC.
43.
ShotterJ. (1992) Bakhtin and Billig: Monological versus dialogical practices. American Behavioral Scientist36(1): 8–12.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764292036001003.
44.
Stiles, W. B. (1999). Signs and voices in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 9, 1–21. (Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptr/9.1.1).
45.
StrongT.ZemanD.FoskettA. (2006) Introducing new discourses into counseling interactions: A microanalytic and retrospective examination. Journal of Constructivist Psychology19: 67–89.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720530500311190.
46.
ValsinerJ. (2001) Process structure of semiotic mediation in human development. Human Development44: 84–97.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000057048.
47.
ValsinerJ. (2002) Forms of dialogical relations and semiotic autoregulation within the self. Theory & Psychology12: 251–265.. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354302012002633.
48.
VigotskyL. (1962) Thought and language, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
49.
VoloshinovV. (1973) Marxism and philosophy of language, New York, NY: Harvard University Press.
50.
WilligC. (2008) Introducing qualitative research methods in psychology, (2nd edn. Maidenhead: McGare Hill/Open University Press.
