Inadequate outcome measures are the biggest impediment to successful clinical trials in progressive MS – NO

Kurtzke JF . Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983; 33: 1444–1452.

Cutter GR Baier ML Rudick RA . Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure. Brain 1999; 122: 871–882.

Rudick RA Larocca N Hudson LD . Multiple sclerosis outcome assessments consortium: Genesis and initial project plan. Mult Scler 2014; 20: 12–17.

Lublin F Miller DH Freedman MS . Oral fingolimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (INFORMS): A phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2016; 387: 1075–1084.

Montalban X Hemmer B Rammohan K . Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab in primary progressive multiple sclerosis—Results of the placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase III ORATORIO study. In: European committee for treatment and research in multiple sclerosis (ECTRIMS), Barcelona, October 7–10 2015, p. PS 228. London, UK: SAGE Publishing.

Salvetti M Landsman D Schwarz-Lam P . Progressive MS: From pathophysiology to drug discovery. Mult Scler 2015; 21: 1376–1384.

Chataway J Schuerer N Alsanousi A . Effect of high-dose simvastatin on brain atrophy and disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-STAT): A randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2014; 383: 2213–2221.

Ontaneda D Fox RJ . Imaging as an outcome measure in multiple sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics, in press.

Ontaneda D Thompson AJ Fox RJ . Progressive multiple sclerosis: Prospects for disease therapy, repair and restoration of function. Lancet, in press.