The `never-ending story' of the influence of blood specimen collection methods affecting the concentration,the zymographic profile and the usefulness of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in multiple sclerosis diagnosis/prognosis: a landmark for limiting the misuse of serum samples

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Yong VW , Power C. , Forsyth P. , Edwards DR Metalloproteinases in biology and pathogenesis ofl the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci 1992; 41: 29-34.

Zucker S. , Hymowitz M. , Conner C. , Zarrabi HM , Hurewitz AN , Matrisian L. et al. Measurement ofl matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors ofl metalloproteinases in blood and tissues. Clinical and experimental applications . Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 878: 21227.

Opdenakker G. , Nelissen I. , Van Damme J. Functional roles and therapeutic targeting ofl gelatinase B and chemokines in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2003; 2: 502-11.

Mannello F. , Tonti G. , Papa S. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2005; 5: 285-98.

Prince HE Biomarkers flor diagnosing and monitoring autoimmune diseases. Biomarkers 2005; 10: 44-49.

Fainardi E. , Castellazzi M. , Bellini T. , Manfrinato MC , Baldi E. , Casetta I. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels and intrathecal production ofl active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as markers ofl disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2006; 12: 294-301.

Lichtinghagen R. , Seifert T. , Kracke A. , Marckmann S. , Wurster U. , Hiedenreich F. Expression ofl matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its inhibitors in mononuclear blood cells ofl patients with multiple sclerosis . J Neuroimmunol 1999; 99: 19-26.

Mirowska D. , Wicha W. , Czlonkowski A. , Czlonkowska A. , Weber F. Increase ofl matrix metalloproteinase-9 in peripheral blood ofl multiple sclerosis patients treated with high doses ofl methylprednisolone. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 146: 171-75.

Miller KM , Ford JC , Ward GA , Palace J. Increase in 92kDa gelatinase in serum is associated with clinical relapse in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol NeurosurgPsychiatry 1996; 61: 225-26.

10.

Lee MA , Palace J. , Stabler G. , Ford J. , Gearing A. , Miller K. Serum gelatinase B, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in multiple sclerosis. A longitudinal clinical and MRI study. Brain 1999; 122: 191-97.

11.

Waubant E. , Goodkin DE , Gee L. , Bacchetti P. , Sloan R. , Stewart T. et al. Serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels are related to MRI activity in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1999 ; 53: 1397-401.

12.

Yushchenko M. , Weber F. , Mader M. , Scholl U. , Maliszewska M. , Tumani H. et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): elevated levels are primarily related to CSF cell count. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 110: 244-51.

13.

Liuzzi GM , Trojano M. , Fanelli M. , Avolio C. , Fasano A. , Livrea P. et al. Intrathecal synthesis ofl matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with multiple sclerosis: implication flor pathogenesis. MultScler 2002; 8: 222-28.

14.

Avolio C. , Ruggieri M. , Giuliani F. , Liuzzi GM , Leante R. , Riccio P. et al. Serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 are elevated in diflflerent multiple sclerosis subtypes. J Neuroimmunol 2003; 136: 46-53.

15.

Sastre-Garriga J. , Comabella M. , Brieva L. , Rovira A. , Tintore M. , Montalban X. Decreased MMP-9 production in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2004 ; 10: 376-80.

16.

Avolio C. , Filippi M. , Tortorella C. , Rocca MA , Ruggieri M. , Agosta F. et al. Serum MMP-9/ TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios in multiple sclerosis: relationships with diflflerent magnetic resonance imaging measures ofl disease activity during IFN-beta-1a treatment. Mult Scler 2005; 11: 441-46.

17.

Kanesaka T. , Mori M. , Hattori T. , Oki T. , Kuwabara S. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels correlate with disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 185-88.

18.

Jung K. , Laube C. , Lein M. , Lichtinghagen R. , Tschesche H. , Schnorr D. et al. Kind ofl samples as preanalytical determinant ofl matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 and tissue inhibitor ofl metalloproteinase 2 in blood. Clin Chem 1998; 44: 1060-62.

19.

Jung K. , Lein M. , Laube C. , Lichtinghagen R. Blood specimen collection methods influence the concentration and the diagnostic validity ofl matrix metalloproteinase 9 in blood. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 314: 241-44.

20.

Mannello F. Eflflects ofl blood collection methods on gelatin zymography ofl matrix metalloproteinases . Clin Chem 2003; 49: 339-40 (Letter).

21.

Makowski GS , Ramsby ML Use ofl citrate to minimize neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human plasma. Anal Biochem 2003; 322: 283-86.

22.

Mannello F. , Luchetti F. , Canonico B. , Papa S. Eflflects ofl anticoagulants and cell separation media as preanalytical determinants on zymographic analysis ofl plasma matrix metalloproteinases. Clin Chem 2003; 49: 1956-57.

23.

Gerlach RF , Uzuelli JA , Souza-Tarla CD , Tanus-Santos JE Eflflect ofl anticoagulants on plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities. Anal Biochem 2005; 344: 147-49.

24.

Souza-Tarla CD , Uzuelli JA , Machado AA , Gerlach RF , Tanus-Santos JE Methodological issues aflflecting the determination ofl plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities. Clin Biochem 2005; 38: 410-14.

25.

Gerlach RF , Tanus-Santos JE Misuse ofl serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor ofl metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 as a biomarker in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2006; 12: 120 (Letter).

26.

Jung K.

Serum or plasma: what kind ofl blood sample should be used to measure circulating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors?

J Neuroimmunol 2005; 162: 1-2 (Letter).

27.

Kleiner DE , Stetler-Stevenson WG Quantitative zymography: detection ofl picogram quantities ofl gelatinases . Anal Biochem 1994; 218: 325-29.

28.

Mollined F. , Schneider DL Intracellular organelle motility and membrane flusion processes in human neutrophils upon cell activation. FEBS Lett 1987; 217: 158-62.

29.

Belaaouaj AA , Li A. , Wun TC , Welgus HG , Shapiro SD Matrix metalloproteinases cleave tissue flactor pathway inhibitor. Eflflects on coagulation. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 27123-28.

30.

Opdenakker G. , Van den Steen PE , Dubois B. , Nelissen I. , Van Coillie E. , Masure S. et al. Gelatinase B flunctions as regulator and eflflector in leukocyte biology. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 69: 851-59.

31.

Fontaine V. , Jacob MP , Houard X. , Rossignol P. , Plissonnier D. , Angles-Cano E. et al. Involvement ofl the mural thrombus as a site ofl protease release and activation in human aortic aneurysm. Am J Pathol 2002; 161: 1701-10.

32.

Jung K. , Nowak L. , Lein M. , Lein M. , Henke W. , Schnorr D. , Loening SA Role ofl specimen collection in preanalytical variation ofl metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in blood. Clin Chem 1996 ; 42: 2043-45.

33.

Lein M. Novak L. , Jung K. , Koenig F. , Lichtinghagen R. , Schnorr D. et al. Analytical aspects regarding the measurement ofl metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in blood. Clin Biochem 1997; 30: 491-96.

34.

Kazes I. , Elalamy I. , Sraer JD , Hatmi M. , Nguyen G. Platelet release ofl trimolecular complex components MT1-MMP/TIMP2/MMP2: involvement in MMP2 activation and platelet aggregation. Blood 2000; 96: 3064-69.

35.

Fernandez-Patron C. , Martinez-Cuesta MA , Salas E. , Sawicki G. , Wozniak M. , Radomski MW et al. Diflflerential regulation ofl platelet aggregation by matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -2 . Thromb Haemost 1999; 82: 1730-35.

36.

Sheu JR , Fong TH , Liu CM , Shen MY , Chen TL , Chang Y. et al. Expression ofl matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human platelets: regulation ofl platelet activation in in vitro and in vivo studies. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143: 193201.

37.

Troiano M. , Avolio C. , Liuzzi GM , Ruggieri M. , Defazio G. , Liguori M. et al. Changes ofl serum sICAM-1 and MMP-9 induced by rIFNbeta-1b treatment in relapsing-remitting MS. Neurology 1999; 53: 1402-408.

38.

Meisser A. , Cohen M. , Bischof P. Concentrations ofl circulating gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and- 9) are dependent on the conditions ofl blood collection. Clin Chem 2005; 51: 274-76.

39.

Kivisakk P. , Liu Z. , Trebst C. , Tucky B. , Wu L. , Stine J. et al. Flow cytometric analysis ofl chemokine receptor expression on cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes. Methods 2003; 29: 319-25.

40.

Nelissen I. , Gveric D. , van Noort JM , Cuzner ML , Opdenakker G. PECAM-1 and gelatinase B coexist in vascular cuflfls ofl multiple sclerosis lesions. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2006; 32: 15-22.

41.

Hartel C. , Bein G. , Muller-Steinhardt M. , Kluter H. Ex vivo induction ofl cytokine mRNA expression in human blood samples. J Immunol Methods 2001; 249: 63-71.