Coping and quality of life in one hundred and thirty five subjects with multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Introduction and objective The aim of this study was to compare coping strategies and quality of life (QoL) in multiple sclerosis (MS), as they relate to the course of the disease (relapsing-remitting (RR), secondary progressive (SP), primary progressive (PP)), while taking depression and anxiety into account.

Methods A total of 135 MS subjects were seen for a semi-structured interview in order to collect socio-demographic and clinical information, after which there was an assessment of their mental and cognitive states (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Depressive Mood Scale (EHD), Hamilton Anxiety (HAMA), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB)). All subjects then completed three self-report questionnaires; two about coping strategies (Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC), Coping with Health, Injuries and Problems Scale (CHIP)) and one about QoL (SEP59).

Results The mental health (depression and anxiety) and the psychological and social dimensions of QoL were relatively unaffected. However, after controlling for age and disability, the disease course had a strong effect on both mental health and QoL, with the poorest condition for SPMS and the best condition for PPMS. The SPMS patients tend to use emotional coping strategies extensively, while the PPMS patients use more instrumental strategies.

Discussion Our study clearly demonstrated that psychological and social well-being were substantially affected by the disease course. These results encourage us to develop interventions focused on coping strategies and which are better adapted to individual patients. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 393- 401. http://msj.sagepub.com

Keywords

anxiety coping strategies depression multiple sclerosis quality of life

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Patten SB , Beck CA , Williams Jva , Barbui C. , Metz LM Major depression in multiple sclerosis a population-based perspective . Neurology 2003; 61: 1524- 27 .

Chwastiak L. , Ehde DM , Gibbons LE , Sullivan M. , Bowen JD , Kraft GH Depressive symptoms and severity of illness in multiple sclerosis: an epidemiological study of a large community sample . Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 1862- 68 .

Hakhim EA , Bakeit Amo , Bryant TN , Roberts Mwh , Mcintosh-Michaelis SA , Spackman A. et al. The social impact of multiple sclerosis. A study of 305 patients and their relatives . Disabil Rehabil 2000; 22: 288-93 .

Arnett PA , Higginson CI , Randolph JJ Depression in multiple sclerosis: relationship to planning ability . J Inter Neuropsychol Soc 2001; 7: 665- 74 .

Arnett PA Longitudinal consistency of the relationship between depression symptoms and cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis . CNS Spectr 2005; 10: 372 - 82 .

Benito-Leon J. , Morales JM , Riviera-Navarro J. Health quality of life and its relationship to cognitive and emotional function in MS patients . Eur J Neurol 2002; 9: 497-502 .

Demaree HA , Gaudino E. , Deluca J. The relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis . Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2003 ; 8: 16171 .

Kneebone II , Dunmore EC , Evans E. Symptoms of depression in older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS): comparison with a matched sample of younger adults . Aging Ment Health 2003; 7: 182 -85 .

Galeazzi GM , Ferrari S. , Giaroli G. , Mackinnon A. , Merelli E. , Motti L. et al. Psychiatric disorders and depression in multiple sclerosis outpatients: impact of disability and interferon beta therapy . Neurol Sci 2005; 26: 255 -62 .

10.

Iwasaki Y. , Iwamoto K. , Igarashi O. , Kiyosuka T. , Aoyagi J. , Hirano K. et al. Depression in multiple sclerosis . Acta Neurol Scand 2005; 111: 209 .

11.

Vleugels L. , Pfennings L. , Pouwer F. , Cohen L. , Ketelaer P. , Polman C. et al. Psychological functioning in primary progressive versus secondary progressive multiple sclerosis . Br J Med Psychol 1988; 71: 99- 106 .

12.

Bakshi R. , Czarnecki D. , Shaikh ZA , Priore RL , Janardhan V. , Kaliszky Z. et al. Brain MRI lesions and atrophy are related to depression in multiple sclerosis . Neuroreport 2000; 11: 1153-58 .

13.

Smith SJ , Young CA The role of affect on the perception of disability in multiple sclerosis . Clin Rehabil 2000; 14: 50- 54 .

14.

Janssens Acjw , Van Doorn PA , De Boer JB , Vandermeche Fga , Passchier J. , Hintzen RQ Impact of recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis on quality of life, anxiety, depression and distress of patients and partners . Acta Neurol Scand 2003; 108: 389 -95 .

15.

Minden SL , Orav J. , Reich P. Depression in multiple sclerosis . Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1987; 9: 426 -34 .

16.

Stenager EN , Wermuth L. , Stenager E. , Boldsen J. Suicide in patients with Parkinson's disease. An epidemiological study . Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; 90: 70- 72 .

17.

Lazarus R. , Folkman S. Stress, appraisal and coping. Springer , 1984.

18.

Aikens JE , Fischer JS , Namey M. , Rudick RA A replicated prospective investigation of life stress, coping and depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis . J Behav Med 1997; 20: 433- 45 .

19.

Jean VM , Beatty WW , Paul RH Psychological and neuropsychogical predictors of coping patterns by patients with MS . J Clin Psychol 1999; 55: 21- 26 .

20.

Pakenham KI Adjustment to multiple sclerosis: application of a stress and coping model . Health Psychol 1999; 18: 383-92 .

21.

McCabe MP , McKern S. , Mc Donald E. Coping and psychological adjustment among people with multiple sclerosis . J Psychosom Res 2004; 56: 355- 61 .

22.

McCabe MP , McKern S. Quality of life and multiple sclerosis: comparison between people with multiple sclerosis and people from the general population . J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2002; 9: 287 -95 .

23.

Lynch SG , Kroencke DC , Denney DR The relationship between disability and depression in multiple sclerosis: the role of uncertainty, coping, and hope . Mult Scler 2001; 7: 411 - 16 .

24.

Kroencke DC , Denney DR Stress and coping in MS: exacerbation, remission and chronic subgroups . Mult Scler 1999; 5: 89-93 .

25.

Warren S. , Warren KG , Cockerill R. Emotional stress and coping in MS exacerbations . J Psychosom Res 1991; 35: 37-47 .

26.

Nicholl CR , Lincoln NB , Francis VM , Stephan TF Assessing quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis . Disabil Rehabil 2001; 23: 597 - 603 .

27.

Pittock SJ , Mayr WT , McClelland RL , Jorgensen NW , Weigand SD , Noseworthy JH et al. Quality of life is favorable for most patients with multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study . Arch Neurol 2004; 61: 679-86 .

28.

Janardhan V. , Bakshi R. Quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: the impact of fatigue an depression . J Neurol Sci 2002; 205: 51-58 .

29.

Myers JA , Mc Pherson KM, Taylor WJ, Weatherall M, Mc Naugthon HK. Duration of condition is unrelated to health-state valuation on the EUROQUOL . Clin Rehabil 2003; 17: 209- 15 .

30.

Pfennings L. , Cohen L. , Ader H. , Polman C. , Lankhorst G. , Smits R. et al. Exploring differences between subgroups of multiple sclerosis patients in health-related quality of life . J Neurol 1999; 246: 587 -91 .

31.

Dilorenzo T. , Halper J. , Picone MA Comparison of older and younger individuals with MS: a preliminary investigation . Rehabil Psychol 2004; 49: 123 - 25 .

32.

Wang JL , Reimer MA , Metz LM , Patten SB Major depression and quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis . Int J Psychiatry Med 2000; 30: 309- 17 .

33.

Janssens Acjw , Van Doorn PA , De Boer JB , Kalkers NF , Vandermeche Fga , Passchier J. et al. Anxiety and depression influence the relation between disability status and quality of life in multiple sclerosis . Mult Scler 2003; 9: 397-403 .

34.

Benedict Rhb , Carone DA , Bakshi R. Correlating brain atrophy with cognitive dysfunction, mood disturbances, and personality disorder in multiple sclerosis . J Neuroimaging 2004; 14: 36S - 45S .

35.

Poser CM , Paty DW , Scheinberg L. , McDonald WI , Davis FA , Ebers GC et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols . Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 227-31 .

36.

Gagnon M. , Letenneur L. , Dartigues JF , Commenges D. , Orgogozo JM , Barberger-Gateau P. et al. Validity of the Mini-Mental State Examination as a screening instrument for cognitive impairment and dementia in French elderly community residents . Neuroepidemiology 1990; 9: 143-50 .

37.

Lecrubier Y. , Weiller E. , Hergueta T. , Amorim P. , Bonora LI , Sheehan D. et al. MINI 5.0.0., French Version, DSM-IV . 1999.

38.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition. Revised (DSM IV-TR). American Psychiatric Association , 2000.

39.

Montgomery SA , Asberg M. A new depression scale designated to be sensitive to change . Br J Psychiatry 1979; 34: 382-89 .

40.

Jouvent R. , Vindreau C. , Montreuil M. , Bungener C. , Widlöcher D. La clinique polydimensionnelle de l'humeur dépressive. Nouvelle version de l'EHD . Psychiatr Psychobiol 1988; 3: 245 -53 .

41.

Bungener C. , Jouvent R. , Derouesné C. Affective disturbances in Alzheimer's disease . J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 44: 1066- 71 .

42.

Bungener C. , Jouvent R. , Delaporte C. Psychopathological and emotional deficits in myotonic dystrophy . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65: 353-56 .

43.

Bungener C. , Piquard A. , Pradat PF , Salachas F. , Meininger V. , Lacomblez L.

Psychopathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A preliminary study with 27 ALS patients. JALS Other

Motor Neuron Disord 2005, 6: 221- 25 .

44.

Hamilton M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating . Br J Med Psychol 1959; 32: 50-55 .

45.

Pichot P. , Pull CB , von Frenckell R. , Pull MC Une analyse factorielle de l'échelle d'appréciation de l'anxiété de Hamilton . Psychiat fennica, International edition. 1981: 181-89 .

46.

Dubois B. , Slachevsky A, Litvan I, Pillon B. The FAB: a frontal assessment battery at bedside . Neurology 2000; 55: 1621-26 .

47.

Paulhan I. , Nuissier J. , Quintard B. , Cousson F. , Bourgeois M. La mesure du coping. Traduction et validation de la version Française de l'échelle Vitaliano . Ann Med Psychol 1994; 152: 292 -99 .

48.

Vitaliano PP , Russo J. , Carr JE , Maiuro RD , Becker J. The ways of coping check-list: revision and psychometric properties . Multivar Behav Res 1985; 20: 3-26 .

49.

Endler NS , Parker Jda , Summerfelt LJ Coping with health problems: developing a reliable and valid multidimensional measure . Psychol Assess 1998; 10: 195 - 205 .

50.

Vernay D. , Gerbaud L. , Biolay S. , Coste J. , Debousse J. , Aufauvre D. et al. Qualité de vie et sclérose en plaques: validation de la version Francophone d'un autoquestionnaire le SEP 59 . Rev Neurol 2000; 156: 247- 63 .

51.

Rudick RA , Miller D. , Clough JD , Gragg LA , Farmern RG Quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Comparison with inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis . Arch Neurol 1992; 49: 1237-42 .

52.

Nortvedt NW , Riise T. , Myhr KM , Nyland HI Quality of life in multiple sclerosis: measuring the disease effects more broadly . Neurology 1999; 53: 1098-103 .

53.

Lobentantz IS , Asenbaum S. , Vass K. , Sauter C. , Klösch G. , Kollegger H. et al. Factors influencing quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: disability, depressive mood, fatigue and sleep quality . Acta Neurol Scand 2004; 110: 6-13 .

54.

Sadovnick AD , Remick RA , Allen J. , Swartz E. , Yee IM , Eisen K. et al. Depression and multiple sclerosis . Neurology 1996; 46: 628- 32 .