General principles for designing quantitative indices of urban environment noise pollution and the collective noise load on a population in a given area are discussed, as well as models for economic estimation of these indices. Some common and original types of indicator for individual and collective noise load estimation are compared in terms of their adequacy in describing noise load. The term “contribution to the values” of these indices is introduced with reference to the incremental effect of a noise pollution source. The functions of urban noise standards in different countries are discussed. General optimization models are considered, as well as the principles of using these indices for design and for setting fees for noise sources.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
KihlmanT. (1994). Sweden's Action Plan Against Noise, Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Transport Noise and Vibration, 23–28.
2.
“Environment Health Criteria 12: Noise”, (1980). World Health Organization, Geneva.
3.
DunayevskyL.V. (1982) Evaluation of the damage on population caused by urban noise: Some methodological and methodical aspects. Book Urban Noise and Vibration Control. Ukraine, Dnepropetrovsk, pp. 117–121 (in Russian).
4.
von GierkeH.E.EldredK. McK. (1993). Effects of noise on people, Noise/News Int., 1(2), 67–89.
5.
American National Standards quantities and procedures for description and measurement of environmental sound, Part 1, (1988). ANSI S 12.9–1988, Acoustical Soc. of America, Standards Secretariat, New York.1.
6.
ZwickerE. (1977). Procedure for calculating loudness of temporally variable sounds, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 62.
7.
ISO Recommendation 532–1966 (E): Method for calculating loudness level.
8.
RobinsonD.V. (1976). Characteristics of Occupational Noise – Induced Hearing Loss. In: “Effects of Noise on Hearing”, Raven Press, New York.
9.
Taschenbuch der technischen akustic, (1975). Herausgegeben von HecklM.MullerH.A., Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York (Russian edition – 1980).
10.
ISO 1996/1 (Layout 1981), Acoustics – Description and measurement of environmental noise – Part 1: Basic quantities and procedures.
11.
ISO/DIS 1999, 1983, Acoustics – Determination of occupational noise exposure and estimation of noise-induced hearing impairment.
12.
Hubner, (1987). Physical base, variables, and definitions. BookNoise reducing in buildings and urban areas, p. 9. Editors OsipovG.L.YudinE.Y., Moscow (in Russian).
13.
EldredK.M. (1986). Sound exposure without decibels, Proceedings of Internoise86(1), 111–116, July 1986.1.
14.
EldredK.M. (1988). Noise in the year 2000, Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (BerlandB., Editors), Swedish Council for Building Research. Stockholm, Sweden, August 1988.1.
15.
DunayevskyL.V. (1982). Suggestions for economical estimation methods for damage caused by noise pollution to the acoustic environment in urban areas, Book Environment Protection. Social and Economical Prognosis Modelling. Moscow, Economica, 212–218 (in Russian).
16.
DunayevskyL.V. (1985). Economical aspects of noise problem in urban areas. BookEconomical problems of Environment and Natural Resources Use. Moscow, “Nauka”, 34–49 (in Russian).
17.
DunayevskyL.V. (1986). Methods for economic estimation for damage caused by environment noise pollution. Book Methods for Estimation of Economical Efficiency of Environment Protection Measures and Economic Damage Caused by Pollution of Environment. Official Edition. Moscow, Economica, 66–80 (in Russian).
18.
GriefahnB.Noise control during the night-proposals for continuous and intermitted noise. Acoustics Australia, 20(2). 43–47.
19.
GottlobD. (1995). Dec. Regulations for community noise. Noise/News Int., 3(4), 223–236.
20.
DunayevskyL.V.KruzeA.O. (1996). The methods to calculate fees to control traffic noise load on urban population. Problems of Ecological Monitoring and Ecosystem Modelling (periodical issue). 16, 181–197 (in Russian).
