Natural ventilation improves indoor air quality and thermal comfort, but it also permits urban traffic noise, which is dominant in the low-to-mid-frequency range of 300–1000 Hz. Achieving effective noise control while maintaining a large, unobstructed window opening remains a major challenge. This study presents a retrofittable window-frame resonator array that maintains an open area of over 70%, significantly higher than those of previous low-to-mid-frequency ventilated treatments. Helmholtz resonators tuned to 400–600 Hz were designed analytically, validated through COMSOL simulations, and experimentally tested. Two array configurations were examined: one with many compact resonators and another with fewer, large-volume resonators. Measurements in a twin-reverberation chamber under no-flow and steady-flow conditions show that the large-volume array achieves more than 6 dB of attenuation in the 500 Hz one-third-octave band, compared to about 3 dB for the compact array. The results demonstrate practical low-to-mid-frequency noise reduction without compromising ventilation or visibility.
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