The current study involves numerical investigations to determine the combined impact of surface waviness in the circumferential, axial, and both directions, along with the inclusion of nanoparticles in lubricants, on the dynamic performance and stability of journal bearings operating at lower and higher eccentricity ratios. The copper oxide and cerium oxide lubricant additives at various temperatures and concentrations is added to base lubricant. The modified Reynolds equation controls the flow of incompressible nanolubricant through the clearance of a wave journal bearing system. Based on Stokes micro-continuum theory, the modified Reynolds equation is solved by applying the finite element method to get the bearing performance characteristics parameters. According to the calculated results, the waviness on the bearing surface increases threshold speed, damping, and stiffness coefficients, and the maximum enhancement is found in the case of circumferential waviness with the addition of 0.5% weight fractions of copper oxide and cerium oxide in lubricant at 90°C in comparison with mixed or axial waviness. In addition, as the wave amplitude increased, the stability of the bearing improved.
MokhtarMOAAlyWYShawkiGSA. Experimental study of journal bearings with undulating journal surface. Tribol Int1984; 17: 19–23.
2.
MokhtarMOAAlyWYShawkiGSA. Computer-aided study of journal bearings with undulating surfaces. 1984.
3.
Tsann-RongL. Steady-state performance of finite hydrodynamic journal bearing with three-dimensional irregularities. Wear1994; 176: 95–102.
4.
DimofteF. A waved journal-bearing concept with improved steady-state and dynamic performance. In: Rotordynamic Instability Problems in High-Performance Turbomachinery, 1994. 1993.
5.
DimofteF. Wave journal bearing with compressible lubricant—Part I: the wave bearing concept and a comparison to the plain circular bearing. Tribol Trans1995 Jan 1; 38: 153–160.
6.
RasheedHE. Effect of surface waviness on the hydrodynamic lubrication of a plain cylindrical sliding element bearing. Wear1998; 223: 1–6.
7.
ZhaoHChoyFKBraunMJ. Dynamic characteristics and stability analysis of a wavy thrust bearing. Tribol Trans2005 Jan 1; 48: 133–139.
8.
ZhaoHChoyFKBraunMJ. Transient and steady-state vibration analysis of a wavy thrust bearing. J Tribol 2006; 128: 139–145.
9.
MeenaLGautamSSGhoshMK. Static and dynamic characteristics of short wavy journal bearings. Lubr Sci2010; 22: 113–132.
10.
PangXChenJHussainSH. Study on optimization of the circumferential and axial wavy geometrical configuration of hydrodynamic journal bearing. J Mech Sci Technol2013; 27: 3693–3701.
11.
YangJZhuRYueY, et al.Nonlinear analysis of herringbone gear rotor system based on the surface waviness excitation of journal bearing. J Brazilian Soc Mech Sci Eng2022 Feb; 44: 1–8.
12.
YangBGengHZhouJ, et al.Study on load capacity and dynamic characteristics of the wave bearing at infinite compressibility number. In: Turbo expo: power for land, sea, and air. 45776, June 16-20, 2014, Dusseldorf, Germany, Vol. 7B. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014, June, pp.V07BT32A014.
13.
YangBZhangJFengS, et al.Parameter study on dynamic characteristics of wave joumal bearings. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), IEEE, 2018, August, pp.220–226.
14.
WangXXuQWangB, et al.Effect of surface waviness on the static performance of aerostatic journal bearings. Tribol Int2016; 103: 394–405.
15.
WangXXuQHuangM, et al.Effects of journal rotation and surface waviness on the dynamic performance of aerostatic journal bearings. Tribol Int2017; 112: 1–9.
16.
LiJYangSLiX,et al.Effects of surface waviness on the nonlinear vibration of gas lubricated bearing-rotor system. Shock Vib 2018; 2018: 8269384.
17.
EneNMDimofteFKeithTGJr. A stability analysis for a hydrodynamic three-wave journal bearing. Tribol Int2008; 41: 434–442.
18.
YangBFengSTianJ,et al.An investigation on the stability performance of wave journal bearing rotor system with geometry parameters. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), IEEE, 2019, August, pp.1236–1241.
19.
BangotraASharmaS. Impact of surface waviness on the static performance of journal bearing with CuO and CeO2 nanoparticles in the lubricant. Industr Lubr Tribol2022; 74: 853–867.
20.
BangotraASharmaS. Impact of partial surface waviness on the tribological performance of hydrodynamic journal bearing. Lubr Sci2022; 35: 207–224.
21.
BangotraASharmaSTaufiqueR,et al.Performance analysis of journal bearing having surface waviness operating under misaligned condition. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J: J Eng Tribol 2023; 237: 1657–1669.
KhatriCBSharmaSC. Influence of couple stress lubricant on the performance of textured two-lobe slot-entry hybrid journal bearing system. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J: J Eng Tribol2017; 231: 366–384.
24.
Tala-IghilNFillonM. A numerical investigation of both thermal and texturing surface effects on the journal bearings static characteristics. Tribol Int2015; 90: 228–239.
25.
UddinMSLiuYW. Design and optimization of a new geometric texture shape for the enhancement of hydrodynamic lubrication performance of parallel slider surfaces. Bio Surf Biotribol2016; 2: 59–69.
26.
MateleSPandeyKN. Effect of surface texturing on the dynamic characteristics of hydrodynamic journal bearing comprising concepts of green tribology. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J: J Eng Tribol2018; 232: 1365–1376.
27.
JamwalGSharmaSAwasthiRK. The dynamic performance analysis of chevron shape textured hydrodynamic bearings. Industr Lubr Tribol2019; 72: 1–8.
28.
SharmaSCPhalleVMJainSC. Performance of a noncircular 2-lobe multirecess hydrostatic journal bearing with wear. Industr lubr Tribol2012; 64: 171–181.
29.
JainDSharmaSC. Dynamic analysis of a 2-lobe geometrically imperfect journal bearing system. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J: J Eng Tribol2017 Jul; 231: 934–950.
30.
LeeJHHwangKSJangSP, et al.Effective viscosities and thermal conductivities of aqueous nanofluids containing low volume concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticles. Int J Heat Mass Transfer2008; 51: 2651–2656.
31.
KoleMDeyTK. Viscosity of alumina nanoparticles dispersed in car engine coolant. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci2010; 34: 677–683.
32.
MargarethPRSBelchiorCRP. Lubricant viscosity and viscosity improver additive effects on diesel fuel economy. Tribol Int2010; 43: 2298–2302.
33.
PrasherRSongDWangJ,et al.Measurements of nanofluid viscosity and its implications for thermal applications. Appl Phys Lett2006; 89: 133108-1–133108-3.
34.
PraveenKNDevdattaPKDebasmitaM,et al.Viscosity of copper oxide nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol and water mixture. Exp Therm Fluid Sci2007; 32: 397–402.
35.
Prabhakaran NairKAhmedMSAl-qahtaniST. Static and dynamic analysis of hydrodynamic journal bearing operating under nano lubricants. Int J Nanoparticles2009; 2: 251–262.
36.
ShenoyBSBinuKGPaiR, et al.Effect of nanoparticle additives on the performance of an externally adjustable fluid film bearing. Tribol Int2012; 45: 38–42. Tribology International, 115, 619-627.
37.
VijayaraghavanDBreweDE. Effect of rate of viscosity variation on the performance of journal bearings. J Tribol1998; 120: 1–7.
38.
BinuKGShenoyBSRaoDS,et al.A variable viscosity approach for the evaluation of the load-carrying capacity of oil-lubricated journal bearing with TiO2 nanoparticles as lubricant additives. Procedia Mater Sci2014; 6: 1051–1067.
39.
KalakadaSBKumarapillaiPNPerikinalilRK. Analysis of static and dynamic performance characteristics of THD journal bearing operating under lubricants containing nanoparticles. Int J Prec Eng Manuf2012; 13: 1869–1876.
40.
KalakadaSBKumarapillaiPNNRajendra KumarPK. Static characteristics of thermohydrodynamic journal bearing operating under lubricants containing nanoparticles. Industr Lubr Tribol2015; 67: 38–46.
41.
LeeJHanKKooJ. A novel method to evaluate dispersion stability of nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transfer2014; 70: 421–429.
