This review paper digs into the multidimensional aspects of water-lubricated bearings, emphasizing surface texture, tribological performance, and thermal effects. It looks closely at water-lubricated bearings, widely recognized as accessible and eco-friendly. In particular, the impact of surface texture on wear, friction, and overall performance are investigated. The tribological properties are analyzed to comprehend the link between bearing surfaces and lubricating water, accentuating friction, and wear reduction advancements. The review also explores the different materials used in water-lubricated bearings, assessing their chemical and mechanical attributes to determine the optimal superior composite for better performance and long-lasting. To apprehend the effects of temperature changes on performance and material integrity, the thermal behavior of these bearings is also meticulously inspected. This comprehensive review attempts to clearly understand the contemporary state of affairs and potential future directions in developing exceptional-performance water-lubricated bearings.
ElsharkawyAAGuedouarLH. Hydrodynamic lubrication of porous journal bearings using a modified Brinkman-extended Darcy model. Tribol Int2001; 34: 767–777.
2.
LitwinW. Water-lubricated bearings of ship propeller shafts - problems, experimental tests and theoretical investigations. Pol Marit Res2009; 16: 41–49.
3.
MajumdarBCPaiRHargreavesDJ. Analysis of water-lubricated journal bearings with multiple axial grooves. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2004; 218: 135–146.
4.
YongHBalendraR. CFD Analysis on the lubrication behaviours of journal bearing with dimples. 2009 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, ICMA2009 ; 2009: 1279–1284.
5.
AusasRRagotPLeivaJ, et al.The impact of the cavitation model in the analysis of microtextured lubricated journal bearings. J Tribol2007; 129: 868–875.
6.
SinanogluC. Investigation of load carriage capacity of journal bearings by surface texturing. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2009; 61: 261–270.
7.
EtsionI. State of the art in laser surface texturing. J Tribol2005; 127: 248–253.
8.
PrehnRHaupertFFriedrichK. Sliding wear performance of polymer composites under abrasive and water lubricated conditions for pump applications. Wear2005; 259: 693–696.
9.
YuSHuHYinJ. Effect of rubber on tribological behaviors of polyamide 66 under dry and water lubricated sliding. Wear2008; 265: 361–366.
10.
WangXKatoKAdachiK. The critical condition for the transition from HL to ML in water-lubricated SiC. Tribol Lett2004; 16: 253–258.
11.
MallyaRShenoySBPaiR. Steady state characteristics of misaligned multiple axial groove water-lubricated journal bearing. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2015; 229: 712–722.
12.
KamatHKiniCRShenoySB. Effect of cavitation and temperature on fluid film bearing using CFD and FSI technique: a review. Arch Comput Methods Eng2023; 30: 1623–1636.
13.
DimondTWShethPNAllairePE, et al.Identification methods and test results for tilting pad and fixed geometry journal bearing dynamic coefficients - A review. Shock Vib2009; 16: 13–43.
14.
SenatoreARaoTVVLN. Partial slip texture slider and journal bearing lubricated with newtonian fluids: a review. J Tribol2018; 140. DOI: 17–1122. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4039226
15.
ShinkarenkoAKligermanYEtsionI. The validity of linear elasticity in analyzing surface texturing effect for elastohydrodynamic lubrication. J Tribol2009; 131: 1–7.
16.
SternW. United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,076,487. 1999; 2–6.
17.
KovalchenkoAMErdemirAAjayiOO, et al.Tribological behavior of oil-lubricated Laser textured steel surfaces in conformal flat and non-conformal contacts. Materials Performance and Characterization2017; 6: 1–23.
18.
EtsionI. Laser surface texturing and applications. Proceedings - International Brazilian Conference on Tribology2010; 661: 881–927.
19.
ShinkarenkoAKligermanYEtsionI. The effect of surface texturing in soft elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication. Tribol Int2009; 42: 284–292.
20.
SchneiderG. Formation of surface with uniform micropatterns on precision machines and instrument parts. Prec Eng1984; 6: 219–225.
21.
SaraNTianHSuhNP. Boundary lubrication of undulated metal surfaces at elevated temperatures. Tribol Trans1989; 32: 389–395.
22.
WangXKatoKAdachiK, et al.Loads carrying capacity map for the surface texture design of SiC thrust bearing sliding in water. Tribol Int2003; 36: 189–197.
23.
WakudaMYamauchiYKanzakiS, et al.Effect of surface texturing on friction reduction between ceramic and steel materials under lubricated sliding contact. Wear2003; 254: 356–363.
PetterssonUJacobsonS. Influence of surface texture on boundary lubricated sliding contacts. Tribol Int2003; 36: 857–864.
26.
EtsionI. Modeling of surface texturing in hydrodynamic lubrication. Friction2013; 1: 195–209.
27.
EtsionIKligermanYHalperinG. Analytical and experimental investigation of laser-textured mechanical seal faces. Tribol Trans1999; 42: 511–516.
28.
EtsionI. Improving tribological performance of mechanical components by laser surface texturing. Tribol Lett2004; 17: 733–737.
29.
KovalchenkoAAjayiOErdemirA, et al.The effect of laser surface texturing on transitions in lubrication regimes during unidirectional sliding contact. Tribol Int2005; 38: 219–225.
EtsionIHalperinGBrizmerV, et al.Experimental investigation of laser surface textured parallel thrust bearings. Tribol Lett2004; 17: 295–300.
32.
BearingsHJConsiderationsTEffectsC. NASA technocal Note.1968.
33.
BearingsHJConsiderationsTEffectsC. Experiments on the Stability of Water Lubricated Herringbone-Groove Journal Bearings I - Theoretical Considerations and Clearance Effects.
34.
SchullerFT. Experiments on the stability of various water-lubricated fixed geometry hydrodynamic journal bearings at zero load. ASME Pap1973; 95: 434–445.
35.
SchullerFT. Experiments on the stability of various water-lubricated fixed geometry lydrodynamic journal bearings at zero load. J Tribol1973; 95: 434–445.
36.
YoshimotoSKumeTShitaraT. Axial load capacity of water-lubricated hydrostatic conical bearings with spiral grooves for high speed spindles. Tribol Int1998; 31: 331–338.
37.
YoshimotoSOshimaSDanbaraS, et al.Stability of water-lubricated, hydrostatic, conical bearings with spiral grooves for high-speed spindles. J Tribol2002; 124: 398–405.
38.
WangNMengQWangP, et al.Experimental research on film pressure distribution of water-lubricated rubber bearing with multiaxial grooves. Journal of Fluids Engineering, Transactions of the ASME2013; 135: 1–6.
39.
XieZRaoZSTa-Na , et al.Theoretical and experimental research on the friction coefficient of water lubricated bearing with consideration of wall slip effects. Mechanics and Industry2016; 17. DOI: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2015039
40.
ZhouHDuRXieA, et al.Investigations of the micro surface shape for the gear-shaft/journal-bearing interface in water hydraulic internal gear pumps. Advances in Mechanical Engineering2017; 9: 1–15.
41.
GongJJinYLiuZ, et al.Study on influencing factors of lubrication performance of water-lubricated micro-groove bearing. Tribol Int2019; 129: 390–397.
42.
HuDGuoZXieX, et al.Effect of spherical-convex surface texture on tribological performance of water-lubricated bearing. Tribol Int2019; 134: 341–351.
43.
LinXWangRZhangS, et al.Study on dynamic characteristics for high speed water-lubricated spiral groove thrust bearing considering cavitating effect. Tribol Int2020; 143: 106022.
44.
XieZLiuH. Experimental research on the interface lubrication regimes transition of water lubricated bearing. Mech Syst Signal Process2020; 136: 106522.
45.
ShindeABChavanSP. Parametric investigation of surface texturing on performance characteristics of water lubricated journal bearing using FSI approach. SN Applied Sciences2020; 2: 1–15.
46.
XiangGHanYHeT, et al.A Dynamic Wear Model for Micro-Grooved Water-Lubricated Bearings under Transient Mixed Lubrication Condition. J Tribol2020; 142: 19–1425.
47.
XieZZhangYZhouJ, et al.Theoretical and experimental research on the micro interface lubrication regime of water lubricated bearing. Mech Syst Signal Process2021; 151: 107422.
48.
FengHJiangSShang-GuanY. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic analysis of high-speed water-lubricated hydrodynamic journal bearing with groove texture considering turbulence. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2021; 235: 2272–2286.
49.
GuoZHuangQXieX, et al.Effects of spherical-platform texture parameters on the tribological performance of water-lubricated bearings. Wear2021; 477: 203863.
50.
JinDXiaoKXiangG, et al.A simulation model to comparative analysis the effect of texture bottom shape on wear and lubrication performances for microgroove water lubricated bearings. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties2021; 9, Epub ahead of print 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/abf325
51.
XieZWangXZhuW. Theoretical and experimental exploration into the fluid structure coupling dynamic behaviors towards water-lubricated bearing with axial asymmetric grooves. Mech Syst Signal Process2022; 168: 108624.
52.
GuoZXieXYuanC, et al.Study on influence of micro convex textures on tribological performances of UHMWPE material under the water-lubricated conditions. Wear2019; 426–427: 1327–1335.
53.
PaiRSPaiR. Non-linear transient analysis of multiple axial groove water-lubricated journal bearings. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2008; 222: 549–557.
54.
PaiRSPaiR. Stability of four-axial and six-axial grooved water-lubricated journal bearings under dynamic load. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2008; 222: 683–691.
55.
De KrakerAVan OstayenRAJRixenDJ. Development of a texture averaged Reynolds equation. Tribol Int2010; 43: 2100–2109.
56.
NicodemusERSharmaSC. A study of worn hybrid journal bearing system with different recess shapes under turbulent regime. J Tribol2010; 132: 1–12.
57.
MengFWeiZMinggangD, et al.Study of acoustic performance of textured journal bearing. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2016; 230: 156–169.
58.
ZhouGWangJHanY, et al.Study on the stiffness and damping coefficients of water-lubricated rubber bearings with multiple grooves. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2016; 230: 323–335.
59.
MallyaRShenoySBPaiR. Static characteristics of misaligned multiple axial groove water-lubricated bearing in the turbulent regime. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2017; 231: 385–398.
60.
FengHPengL. Numerical analysis of water-lubricated thrust bearing with groove texture considering turbulence and cavitation. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2018; 70: 1127–1136.
61.
LiQZhangSWangY, et al.Dynamic characteristics of water-lubricated journal bearings. Mechanics & Industry2019; 20: 404.
62.
LinXWangRZhangS, et al.Study of cavitation bubbles evolution for high-speed water-lubricated spiral groove thrust bearings. J Tribol2019; 141: 18–1295.
63.
XiangGHanYChenR, et al.A hydrodynamic lubrication model and comparative analysis for coupled microgroove journal-thrust bearings lubricated with water. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2020; 234: 1755–1770.
64.
XiangGHanY. Study on the tribo-dynamic performances of water-lubricated microgroove bearings during start-up. Tribol Int2020; 151: 106395.
65.
AtwalJCPandeyRK. Performance improvement of water-lubricated thrust pad bearing operating with the turbulent flow using a new micro-pocket design. Tribol Int2021; 154: 106738.
66.
FengWHanYXiangG. Hydrodynamic lubrication analysis of water-lubricated bearings with partial microgroove considering wall slip. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties2021; 9: 015019.
67.
LiPShiZZhangH, et al.Effect of micro-grooved surface on the static and dynamic characteristics of journal bearings with misalignment. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2023; 237: 1042–1069.
68.
CaiJHanYXiangG, et al.Influence of the mass conservation cavitation boundary on the tribo-dynamic responses of the micro-groove water-lubricated bearing. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties2022; 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ac9acd
69.
LiPShiZZhangH, et al.Investigation on the lubrication characteristics of low-viscosity lubricated micro-grooved bearings considering turbulence and misalignment. Phys Fluids2022; 34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0127398
70.
WuZYuanCGuoZ, et al.Effect of the groove parameters on the lubricating performance of the water-lubricated bearing under low speed. Wear2023; 522: 204708.
71.
FengHGaoZVan OstayenRAJ, et al.A Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Groove Texture on the Dynamics of a Water-Lubricated Bearing–Rotor System. Lubricants2023; 11, Epub ahead of print 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11060242.
72.
RenTFengM. Theoretical and experimental study on the stability of water lubricated high speed journal bearing with lobe pockets. Tribol Int2023; 187: 108665.
73.
GaneshaAJosephAPaiR, et al.Performance Optimization of a Multi-groove Water Lubricated Journal Bearing with Partial Slip by Taguchi Analysis. Arab J Sci Eng2023; 49: 2249–2267.
74.
ZhangS. Effect of Groove Structure on Lubrication Performance of Water-Lubricated Stern Tube Bearings. Lubricants2023; 11, Epub ahead of print 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11090374.
75.
FuruishiYSuganamiTYamamotoS, et al.Performance of water-lubricated flat spiral groove bearings. Journal of Tribolgy1985; 107: 268–272.
76.
ZhouGLiRLiaoD, et al.Lubrication structure design of water lubricated rubber thrust bearing with spiral groove for shaftless rim driven thruster. Tribol Int2023; 178: 108098.
77.
SpalvinsT. A review of recent advances in solid film lubrication. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films1987; 5: 212–219.
78.
QiXMaJJiaZ, et al.Effects of weft density on the friction and wear properties of self-lubricating fabric liners for journal bearings under heavy load conditions. Wear2014; 318: 124–129.
79.
BouyerJFillonMPierre-DanosI. Influence of wear on the behavior of a two-lobe hydrodynamic journal bearing subjected to numerous startups and stops. J Tribol2007; 129: 205–208.
80.
LitwinW. Influence of local bush wear on properties of water lubricated marine stern tube bearings. Pol Marit Res2011; 18: 32–36.
81.
LitwinW. Influence of local bush wear on water lubricated sliding bearing load carrying capacity. Tribol Int2016; 103: 352–358.
82.
XiangGHanYWangJ, et al.Coupling transient mixed lubrication and wear for journal bearing modeling. Tribol Int2019; 138: 1–15.
83.
SlineyHE. Solid lubricant materials for high temperatures-a review. Tribol Int1982; 15: 303–315.
84.
SmithWV. Material selection criteria for water lubrication. Wear1973; 25: 139–153.
85.
Hother-LushingtonS. Water lubricated bearings. Tribol Int1976; 9: 257–260.
AnderssonPNikkilP. Influence of topography on the running-in of water-lubricated silicon carbide journal beatings. Wear1996; 201: 1–9.
88.
AnderssonPNikkilaAPLintulaP. Wear characteristics of water-lubricated SiC journal bearings in intermittent motion. Wear1994; 179: 57–62.
89.
WoydtMSchwenzienJ. Dry and water-lubricated slip- rolling of Si3N4- and SiC-based ceramics. Tribol Int1993; 26: 165–173.
90.
YongWQunjiXLiliC. Tribological properties of some water-based lubricants containing polyethylene glycol under boundary lubrication conditions. J Synth Lubr1997; 13: 375–380.
91.
XuTPruittL. Diamond-like carbon coatings for orthopaedic applications: an evaluation of tribological performance. J Mater Sci: Mater Med1999; 10: 83–90.
92.
YamamotoYHashimotoM. Friction and wear of water lubricated PEEK and PPS sliding contacts part 2. Composites with carbon or glass fibre. Wear2004; 257: 181–189.
93.
JiaJHChenJMZhouHD, et al.Friction and wear properties of bronze-graphite composite under water lubrication. Tribol Int2004; 37: 423–429.
94.
DongCLYuanCQBaiXQ, et al.Study on wear behaviours for NBR/stainless steel under sand water-lubricated conditions. Wear2015; 332–333: 1012–1020.
95.
ZhiminYZhouXQinH, et al.Study on tribological and vibration performance of a new UHMWPE/graphite/NBR water lubricated bearing material. Wear2015; 332–333: 872–878.
96.
QinHlZhouXcZhaoXz, et al.A new rubber/UHMWPE alloy for water-lubricated stern bearings. Wear2015; 328–329: 257–261.
97.
LitwinWDymarskiC. Experimental research on water-lubricated marine stern tube bearings in conditions of improper lubrication and cooling causing rapid bush wear. Tribol Int2016; 95: 449–455.
98.
GuoZYuanCLiuA, et al.Study on tribological properties of novel biomimetic material for water-lubricated stern tube bearing. Wear2017; 376–377: 911–919.
99.
YuanCGuoZTaoW, et al.Effects of different grain sized sands on wear behaviours of NBR/casting copper alloys. Wear2017; 384–385: 185–191.
100.
WangHLiuZZouL, et al.Influence of both friction and wear on the vibration of marine water lubricated rubber bearing. Wear2017; 376–377: 920–930.
101.
WangYYinZLiH, et al.Friction and wear characteristics of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites containing glass fibers and carbon fibers under dry and water-lubricated conditions. Wear2017; 380–381: 42–51.
102.
FumingKXincongZJianH, et al.Tribological properties of nitrile rubber/UHMWPE/nano-MoS2 water-lubricated bearing material under low speed and heavy duty. J Tribol2018; 140: 1–11.
103.
YangJLiuZChengQ, et al.The effect of wear on the frictional vibration suppression of water-lubricated rubber slat with/without surface texture. Wear2019; 426–427: 1304–1317.
104.
WuZGuoZYuanC. Influence of polyethylene wax on wear resistance for polyurethane composite material under low speed water-lubricated conditions. Wear2019; 426–427: 1008–1017.
105.
WangCBaiXDongC, et al.Friction properties of polyacrylamide hydrogel particle/HDPE composite under water lubrication. Polymer2019; 180: 121703.
106.
WuKZhouGMiX, et al.Tribological and vibration properties of three different polymer materials for water-lubricated bearings. Materials (Basel)2020; 13, Epub ahead of print 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143154.
107.
Farfan-CabreraLIPérez-GonzálezJIniestra-GalindoMG, et al.Production and tribological evaluation of polypropylene nanocomposites with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for using in water-lubricated bearings. Wear2021; 477: 203860.
108.
WangCBaiXGuoZ, et al.Friction and wear behaviours of polyacrylamide hydrogel microsphere/UHMWPE composite under water lubrication. Wear2021; 477: 203841.
109.
WangJHanYGengZ, et al.A profile design method to improve the wear performance of misaligned water-lubricated bearing. Lubr Sci2021; 33: 215–228.
110.
ZhouGWuKPuW, et al.Tribological modification of hydrogenated nitrile rubber nanocomposites for water-lubricated bearing of ship stern shaft. Wear2022; 504–505: 204432.
111.
QuCWangTWangQ, et al.A novel ternary interpenetrating polymer networks based on NBR/PU/EP with outstanding damping and tribological properties for water-lubricated bearings. Tribol Int2022; 167: 107249.
112.
JangJYKhonsariMM. On the wear of dynamically-loaded engine bearings with provision for misalignment and surface roughness. Tribol Int2020; 141: 105919.
113.
HarikaEBouyerJFillonM, et al.Effects of water contamination of lubricants on hydrodynamic lubrication: rheological and thermal modeling. J Tribol2013; 135: 1–10.
114.
WangLPeiSXiongX, et al.Investigation of the combined influence of turbulence and thermal effects on the performance of water-lubricated hybrid bearings with circumferential grooves and stepped recesses. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2014; 228: 53–68.
115.
LinXJiangSZhangC, et al.Thermohydrodynamic analysis of high-speed water-lubricated spiral groove thrust bearing using cavitating flow model. J Tribol2018; 140: 1–12.
116.
LinXJiangSZhangC, et al.Thermohydrodynamic analysis of high speed water-lubricated spiral groove thrust bearing considering effects of cavitation, inertia and turbulence. Tribol Int2018; 119: 645–658.
117.
FengHJiangSJiA. Investigations of the static and dynamic characteristics of water-lubricated hydrodynamic journal bearing considering turbulent, thermohydrodynamic and misaligned effects. Tribol Int2019; 130: 245–260.
118.
LiangXYanXOuyangW, et al.Thermo-Elasto-Hydrodynamic analysis and optimization of rubber-supported water-lubricated thrust bearings with polymer coated pads. Tribol Int2019; 138: 365–379.
119.
LinXWangSJiangS, et al.Thermohydrodynamic model of cavitating flow and dynamic characteristic calculation for high-speed water-lubricated pump-out spiral groove bearing. Tribol Trans2020; 63: 736–755.
120.
JinYShiZZhangX, et al.Rapid solution for analysis of nonlinear fluid film force and dynamic behavior of a tilting-pad journal bearing-rotor system with turbulent and thermal effects. Friction2020; 8: 343–359.
121.
XiangGYangTNingQ, et al.Numerical study on transient mixed lubrication response for multiple grooves water-lubricated bearings under non-linear shock with 3D thermal effect. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties2021; 9: 1722–035014.
122.
WodtkeMLitwinW. Water-lubricated stern tube bearing - experimental and theoretical investigations of thermal effects. Tribol Int2021; 153: 106608.
123.
HuangQGuoZWuZ, et al.Insight into the tribological performance of polyurethane composites under high temperature water lubrication. Tribol Int2021; 155: 106784.
124.
ChenSCaiJZhangJ, et al.Thermal tribo-dynamic behaviors of water-lubricated bearings during start-up with journal shape error. Lubricants2024; 12: 106.
125.
RoughnessCSEffectsECharamisD, et al.Investigation of cavitated flow in water-lubricated bearings considering surface roughness, thermal, and elastic effects. Lubricants2024; 12: 107.
126.
FillonMKucinschiB-RFreneJ, et al.Thermoelastohydrodynamic study of steadily loaded plain journal bearings using finite. J Tribol2000; 122: 219–226.
127.
ZhangCYiZZhangZ. THD Analysis of high speed heavily loaded journal bearings including thermal deformation, mass conserving cavitation, and turbulent effects. J Tribol2000; 122: 597–602.
128.
PierreIFillonM. Influence of geometric parameters and operating conditions on the thermohydrodynamic behaviour plain journal bearings. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2000; 214: 445–457.
129.
ChunSM. Thermohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of high-speed journal bearing considering variable density and variable specific heat. Tribol Int2004; 37: 405–413.
130.
Gandjalikhan NassabSAManeshianB. Thermohydrodynamic analysis of cavitating journal bearings using three different cavitation models. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology2007; 221: 501–513.
131.
DongNWangYQLiuQ, et al.Influence of micro-morphology on thermal elatohydrodynamic lubrication of water-lubricated tenmat bearing. Applied Mechanics and Materials2015; 743: 85–90.
132.
LuDLiuKZhaoW, et al.Thermal characteristics of water-lubricated ceramic hydrostatic hydrodynamic hybrid bearings. Tribol Lett2016; 63: 1–10.
ZhuSSunJLiB, et al.Thermal turbulent lubrication analysis of rough surface journal bearing with journal misalignment. Tribol Int2020; 144: 106109.
135.
GuoHBaoJZhangS, et al.Experimental and numerical study on mixed lubrication performance of journal bearing considering misalignment and thermal effect. Lubricants2022; 10: 262.
