This research investigates the tribological properties (friction and wear behaviour) of a bio-lubricant derived from modified Calophyllum inophyllum (mCI) oil. The focus is on the impact of incorporating nano-sized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) particles into the lubricant. To improve the stability of Calophyllum inophyllum oil, a transesterification process was employed. The mCI oil and MoS2 nanoparticles were then characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Tribological testing was conducted according to the ASTM D-4172 standard, utilizing a four-ball tribometer. The results revealed that a specific weight % of MoS2 nanoparticle significantly improved the tribological characteristics of the mCI oil. Notably, the minimum wear scar diameter was reduced by 10% compared to pure mCI oil at a weight % of 0.4 wt% of MoS2 nanoparticles. Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) were employed to examine the surface characteristics of the test balls after lubrication. Additionally, the coefficient of friction was observed to decrease with the inclusion of MoS2 nanoparticles in the mCI oil.
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