The term 'strategic management' implies that something is managed by someone. By definition, then, it is an applied field involving individual human beings and companies managing something in a situation-specific context. For this reason, strategic management teaching and research should focus on that core viewpoint. This article explores how both strategic management research and teaching have in many ways lost sight of this core viewpoint. This article also suggests ways the identified problems might be corrected.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Abraham, T. (1990) 'Market Advisor: An Expert System for Product Development', doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
2.
Adams-Webber, J. R. (1978) Personal Construct Theory: Concepts and Applications. Chichester: Wiley.
3.
Ansoff, I. (1984) Implanting Strategic Management. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
4.
Ansoff, I. (1987) 'The Emerging Paradigm of Strategic Behavior', Strategic Management JournalNov-Dec: 501-515.
5.
Ansoff, I. (1991) 'Critique of Henry Mintzberg's "The Design School: Reconsidering the Basic Premise of Strategic Management"', Strategic Management Journal12(6): 449-461.
6.
Bannister, D. , ed. (1970) Perspectives in Personal Construct Theory. New York: Academic Press.
7.
Bannister, D. and Mair, J. M. (1968) The Evaluation of Personal Constructs. London: Academic Press.
8.
Bedeian, A. G. (1989) 'Totems and Taboos: Undercurrents in the Management Discipline', presidential address at 1989 Annual Academy of Management Meeting, Academy of Management News.
9.
Bennett, A. (1988) 'When Management Professors Gather, Relevance Sometimes Rears its Ugly Head', The Wall Street Journal (August) 15: 17-17.
10.
Benson, R. (1989) 'KBS, for Strategic Planning at IBM', paper presented at Decision Sciences Institute Meeting, New Orleans, LA.
11.
Bettis, R. A. (1991) 'Strategic Management and the Straitjacket: An Editorial Essay', Organizational Science2(3): 315-319.
12.
Bukszar, E. W., Jr (1990) 'Strategic Management and the Perception of Order', doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.
13.
Byrne, J. A. (1991) 'Wharton Rewrites the Book on B-schools', Business Week, (May) 13: 13-43.
14.
Collins, A. , Brown, J. S. and Holum, A. (1991) 'Cognitive Apprenticeship: Making Thinking Visible', American Educator (Winter): 6-11, 38-46.
15.
Daft, R. L. and Weick, K. E. (1984) 'Toward a Model of Organizations as Interpretation Systems', Academy of Management Review9: 284-295.
16.
Dess, G. G. and Rasheed, A. (1991) 'Conceptualizing and Measuring Organizational Environments: A Critique and Suggestions', The Journal of Management (Dec): 701-710.
17.
Dewey, J. (1938) Logic: The Structure of Inquiry. New York: Putnam.
18.
Dutton, J. E. and Jackson, S. E. (1987) 'Categorizing Strategic Issues: Links to Organizational Action', Academy of Management Review12: 76-90.
19.
Dyer, G. W., Jr and Wilkins, A. (1991) 'Better Stories, not Better Constructs, to Generate Better Theory: A Rejoinder to Eisenhardt', Academy of Management Review16(3): 613-619.
20.
Einstein, A. and Infeld, L. (1938) The Evolution of Physics. New York: Simon and Schuster.
21.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989) 'Building Theories from Case Study Research', Academy of Management Review14(4): 532-550.
22.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1991) 'Better Stories and Better Constructs: The case for Rigor and Comparative Logic', Academy of Management Review16(3): 620-627.
23.
Fowler, E. M. (1990) 'Rethinking Business Education', The New York Times 19 June: D13-D13.
24.
Fowler, E. M. (1991a) 'An Overall for Business Education', The New York Times 2 April: D19-D19.
25.
Fowler, E. M. (1991b) 'Innovations for M.B.A. Candidates', The New York Times 9 July: D13-D13.
26.
Fransella, F. and Bannister, D. (1987) A Manual for Repertory Grid Technique. New York: Academic Press.
27.
Fuchsberg, G. (1992) 'Depressed Job Market Prompts Paradox: Upsurge of Interest in M.B.A. Programs', The Wall Street Journal 3 February:B1-B1.
28.
Goul, M. (1985) 'The Inclusion of Expertise in a Decision Support System for Strategic Management Decision Making', doctoral dissertation, Oregon State University, Eugene.
29.
Goul, M. (1987) 'On Building Expert Systems for Strategic Planners: A Knowledge Engineer's Experiences', Information and Management (March): 131-141.
30.
Goul, M. , Shane, B. and Tonge, F. (1986) 'Knowledge-based Decision Support Systems in Strategic Planning Decisions: An Empirical Study', Journal of Management Information Systems Spring.
31.
Hidding, G. (1989) 'KBS for Strategic Planning at Coopers and Lybrand', paper presented at Decision Sciences Institute Meeting, New Orleans, LA.
32.
Hofer, C. W. (1980) 'Turnaround Strategies', Journal of Business Strategy1(1): 19-31.
33.
Huber, G. (1992) New Organizational Forms from New Information Technology', presented at Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS), 25th Annual Meeting, Kauai, HI.
34.
Humpert, B. and Holley, P. (1988) 'Expert Systems in Financial Planning', Expert Systems (May): 78-100.
35.
Kelly, G. A. (1955) The Psychology of Personal Constructs, 1 and 2. New York: Norton.
36.
Kiesler, S. and Sproul, L. (1982) 'Managerial Responses to Changing Environments: Perspectives in Problem Sensing from Social Cognition', Administrative Science Quarterly27: 548-570.
37.
Kochen, M. and Min, M. K. (1987) Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Expert Systems and Their Applications, Avignon, France.
38.
Krcmar, H. (1985) Enterprise-wide Information Management. Los Angeles, CA: IBM Los Angeles Scientific Center.
39.
Lave, J. and Wenger, E. (1991) Situation Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
40.
Lord, M. (1992) 'A Harder Sell for M.B.A.s', US News and World Report 23 March: 60-65.
41.
Mintzberg, H. (1989) Mintzberg on Management. New York: The Free Press.
42.
Mintzberg, H. (1990a) 'The Design School: Reconsidering the Basic Premises of Strategic Management', Strategic Management Journal11(3): 171-195.
43.
Mintzberg, H. (1990b) 'Strategy Formulations: Ten Schools of Thought', in J. Fredrickson (ed.) Perspectives on Strategic Management. New York: Ballinger.
Mockler, R. J. (1989a) Knowledge-based Systems for Strategic Planning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
46.
Mockler, R. J. (1989b) Knowledge-based Systems for Management Decisions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
47.
Mockler, R. J. (1992a) 'Contingency Approaches to Strategic Management: Integrating Basic and Applied Research', research monograph: working paper. New York: Strategic Management Research Group.
48.
Mockler, R. J. (1992b) Computer Software to Support Strategic Management Decision Making. New York: Macmillan.
49.
Mockler, R. J. (1992c) 'Innovative Methods for Teaching Strategic Management', working paper. New York: Strategic Management Research Group.
50.
Mockler, R. J. (1993) Strategic Management: A Research Guide Including Bibliographies. New York: Strategic Management Research Group.
51.
Mockler, R. J. and Dologite, D. G. (1992) Knowledge-based Systems: An Introduction to Expert Systems. Columbus, OH: Macmillan Publishing.
52.
Montgomery, C. A. , Wernerfelt, B. and Balakrishnan, S. (1989) 'Strategy Content and the Research Process', Strategic Management Journal10(3): 189-197.
53.
Montgomery, C. A. , Wernerfelt, B. and Balakrishnan, S. (1991) 'Strategy and the Research Process: A Reply', Strategic Management Journal12(1): 83-84.
54.
Mosakowski, E. (1991) 'Organizational Boundaries and Economic Performance: An Empirical Study of Entrepreneurial Computer Firms', Strategic Management Journal12(2): 185-193.
55.
Pearce, J. A. II and Robbins, D. K. (1991) 'An Empirically-driven Conceptual Model of Organizational Turnaround', paper delivered at the Eastern Academy of Management Conference, Hartford, CT.
56.
Poole, M. S. and Van de Venm, A. H. (1989) 'Using Paradox to Build Management and Organization Theories', Academy of Management Review14(5): 562-578.
57.
Porac, J. F. and Thomas, H. (1987) 'Cognitive Taxonomies and Cognitive Systematics', paper presented at the meeting of the Academy of Management, New Orleans, LA.
58.
Porac, J. F. and Thomas, H. (1990) 'Taxonomic Mental Models in Competitor Definition', Academy of Management Review15(2): 224-240.
59.
Porter, M. (1980) Competitive Strategy. New York: Free Press.
60.
Porter, M. (1990) The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
61.
Reger, R. K. (1988) 'Competitive Positioning in the Chicago Banking Market: Mapping the Mind of the Strategist', unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana.
62.
Rowe, A. (1989) 'Expert Systems in Strategic Management', paper presented at Decision Sciences 20th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA.
63.
Sawyer, G. (1992) The Academy of Management News (March): 7-7.
64.
Sharfman, M. P. and Dean, J. W., Jr (1991) 'Conceptualizing and Measuring the Organizational Environment: A Multidimensional Approach', Journal of Management (Dec): 681-700.
65.
Schendel, D. E. and Patton, G. R. (1976) 'Corporate Strategies and Turnaround', Journal of Economics and Business28: 236-241.
66.
Schendel, D. E. , Patton, G. R. and Riggs, J. (1975) 'Corporate Turnaround Strategies', Journal of General Management3: 3-11.
67.
Seth, A. and Zinkhan, G. (1991) 'Strategy and the Research Process: a Comment', Strategic Management Journal12(1): 75-82.
68.
Smircich, L. and Stubbart, C. (1985) 'Strategic Management in an Enacted World', Academy of Management Review10: 724-736.
69.
Suchman, L. A. (1987) Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human Machine Communication. New York: Cambridge University Press.
70.
Syed, J. R. and Tse, E. (1987) Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Expert Systems and Their Applications, Avignon, France.
71.
Weick, K. E. (1989) 'Theory Construction as Discipline Imagination', Academy of Management Review14(5): 516-531.
