Abstract
This paper examines distributed computing projects in which users allow their unused computing resources to be utilised by third parties. As well as being the latest manifestation of an internet gift economy, these projects represent technological prototypes for resource sharing over the internet — ideas that are being pursued by capital for different reasons. The resultant tension between gift and commodity has led to competing claims for control over spare processing power. This paper examines examples of distributed computing and conflicts that have arisen over its control.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Abbatte
Janet
2000 , Inventing the Internet , MIT Press , Cambridge MA
2.
Anderson
Ross
2003 , TCPA/Palladium FAQ, www.cl.cam.ac.uk/-rjal4/tcpa-faq.htm], accessed 27 January 2003
3.Aspenleaf.com, Internet-based Distributed Computing Projects, www.aspenleaf.com/distributed/distribprojects.html, accessed 29 January 2003
4.
Baran
Paul
1960 , Reliable Digital Communications System Using Unreliable Network Repeater Nodes , Report P-1995, Rand Corporation
5.
Barbrook
Richard
1998 , ‘The High-tech Gift Economy’ , First Monday , vol. 3 , no. 12 , www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue3_12/barbrook/, 7 December 1997, accessed 20 January 2003
6.BioIT World 2002 , ‘IBM Releases Grid Software’ , BioIT World. 4 July 2002, www.bioitworld.com/products/040702_grid.html, accessed 25 March 2003
7.
Bowman
Lisa
2001 , ‘Is Distributed Computing a Crime?’ , ZDNet , www.zdnet.com.au/newstech/communications/story/0,2000024993,20252258-1,00.htm, accessed 30 January 2003
8.
9.
Colley
Andres
2002 , ‘Cheats Wreak Havoc on SETI@home participants’ , ZDNet , www.zdnet.com.au/newstech/security/story/0,2000024985,20269509,00.htm. accessed 23 March 2003
10.
de Certeau
Michel
1988 , The Practice of Everyday Life , University of California Press , Berkeley
11.Dickinson Dees Law Firm 2002 , ‘Squatters Rights’ , www.dickinson-dees.co.uk/press/Articles/Property/SquattersrightsSeptember2002.asp
12.
13.
Doctorow
Cory
2000 , ‘My Dale with the Gnomes of San Jose’ , Mindjack . 15 October, www.mindjack.com/feature/p2p.html, accessed 28 January 2003
14.
15.
Erlanger
Leon
2002 , ‘Distributed Computing: An Introduction’ , Extreme Tech . 4 April 2002, www.extremetech.com, accessed 20 January 2003
16.
Folding@Home, http://folding.stanford.edu, accessed 29 January 2003
17.
Fried
Ian
2002 , ‘Gateway Makes Store PCs Work Overtime’ , CNet News.com . 9 December, http://rss.com.com/2100-1001-976583.html?type=pt&part=rss&tag=feed&subj=news, accessed 29 January 2003
18.
Gregory
Chris
1982 , Gifts and Commodities , Academic Press , London
19.
Hayes
Brian
1998 , ‘Collective Wisdom’ , American Scientist , vol. 86 , no. 2 , March-April, pp. 118 –22
20.
Hipschman
Ron
2003 , ‘How SETI@home Works’ , SETI@home, http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/about_seti/about_seti_at_home_1.html, accessed 29 January 2003
21.
LaMonica
Martin
2003 , ‘Microsoft Makes P2P Play’ , CNET News.com , 26 February, http://news.com.com/2100-1012-986127.html
22.
Lettice
John
2002 , ‘Win2k SP3, the ‘Snooper License’ and How to Avoid It’. The Register , 15 August, www.theregister.co.uk/content/archive/26698.html, accessed 20 January 2003
23.
Levy
Pierre
1997 , Collective Intelligence , trans. Robert Bononno, Plenum Trade , New York and London
24.
Molnar
David
2000 , ‘The SETI@home Problem’ , ACM Crossroads, Journal of Association for Computing Machinery , www.acm.org/crossroads/columns/onpatrol/september2000.html, accessed 29 January 2003
25.
Olsen
Stefanie
2003 , ‘Looksmart Bets on Distributed Computing’ , CNet News , 21 March 2003, http://news.com.com/2100-1032-993591.html?tag=fd_lede1_hed, accessed 21 March 2003
26.
Patrizio
Andy
2002 , ‘Distributing the Search for Cures’ , Wired News , http://www.wired.com/news/print/0,1294,49334,00.html. accessed 23 March 2003
27.
Pontin
Jason
2000 , ‘X-to-X Computing’ , Red Herring , no. 83 , October, http://www.redherring.com/mag/issue83/mag-editor-83.html, accessed 25 March 2003
28.
ProjectRc5, http://www.distributed.net/rc5/, accessed 25 March 2003
29.
Raymond
Eric
1998 , ‘The Cathedral and the Bazaar,’ , First Monday , vol. 3 , no. 3 , http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue3_3/raymond/index.html. accessed 25 March 2003
30.
Raymond
Eric
2000 , ‘The Hacker Milieu as Gift Culture’ , in Homesteading the Noosphere , http://catb.org/-esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/homesteading/ar01s06.html, accessed 25 March 2003
31.
Rheingold
Howard
2002 , Smart Mobs , Perseus ., Cambridge MA
32.
RSA Security, www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/challenges/, accessed 28 January 2003
33.
Schiller
Dan
2000 , Digital Capitalism , MIT Press , Cambridge, MA
34.
Segaller
Stephen
1998 , Nerds 2.0.1 , Oregon Public Broadcasting , TVBooks, New York
35.
Seti@home, http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/stats/venues.html, accessed 25 March 2003
36.Seti@home 2003 , ‘Current Total Statistics’ , Seti@home, http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/totals.html, accessed 29 January 2003
37.
SetiStatsAddicts, www.carolynsclinic.f2s.com/statsaddicts1.htm, accessed 30 January 2003
38.
Shankland
Steven
2003 , ‘IBM, Screensaver to Tackle Smallpox’ ,
Cnet.com
. 4 February, http://news.com.com/2100-1001-983374.html, accessed 25 March 2003
39.
Shapiro
Andrew
1997 , ‘Freedom from Choice’ , Wired magazine , vol. 5 , no. 12 , December, www.wired.com/wired/archive/5.12/idees_fortes.html?pg=3. accessed 25 March 2003
41.Team Lamp Chop , www.teamlambchop.com/stats/charts/c100.htm, accessed 30 January 2003
42.
Tien
Lee
2002 , ‘Distributed Computing Prosecution Ends with Whimper Not Bang’ , EFF Media Release, www.freemcowen.com, accesseed 30 January 2003
43.
Uhlik
Caroline
Shwartz
Mark
2002 , ‘Folding@home Scientists Report First Distributed computing success’ , Stanford University News Service , www.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/02/folding1023.html, accessed 29 January 2003
44.United Devices , 2003 , ‘The Birth of Distributed Computing’ , United Devices, http://members.ud.com/about/gc/grid_evolution.htm, accessed 19 January 2003
45.
USA Today
2003 , ‘Honest Thief Provides Clever Solution to Music-swapping Issue’ , USA Today , www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2003-03-07-honest-thief_x.htm, accessed 25 March 2003
