Rhythm is an essential element of music, but how we acquire it has not been investigated in detail. Some argue that learners acquire rhythms mentally, and others argue that body movements are involved. This study, therefore, investigated how body movements affect the rhythmic performances of learners in the course of rhythm acquisition. We used accelerometers to measure the arm and lumbar accelerations of 17 participants who took samba lessons regularly for 10 months. Detailed analyses revealed that all learners who learnt to play the shaker to a samba rhythm exhibited samba-like rhythmic patterns in both lumbar and arm movements. This indicates that the coordination contributing to the lumber movement has something to do with the acquisition of samba rhythm, and this is consistent with the argument that body movements are involved in acquiring rhythms.
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