Sun Exposure and the “Reverse Goggles Tan” as a Badge of Honor in Canadian Inuit Northern Communities

Abstract

Introduction:

Sun protection behaviors are shaped by beliefs deeply rooted in culture and traditions. Understanding how beliefs shape sun protection behaviors is crucial for delivering culturally sensitive, congruent care. This is even more important in Indigenous communities where successful health promotion must align with traditional practices and local values. We explored how beliefs, shaped by cultural values, influence sun protection behaviors in Inuit residents of Nunavik.

Methods:

Qualitative descriptive study using focus groups to collect information was conducted from June to August 2024 in 4 Nunavik communities. Inuit residents of Nunavik were recruited through flyers, word-of-mouth, and health workers’ referrals. Data was analyzed thematically, guided by the theoretical underpinnings of both the health belief model and social cognitive theory.

Results:

A total of 106 participants [69 women (65.1%); mean age, 47.1 years (standard deviation 13.3)] took part in 21 focus groups. The “reverse goggles tan” on the face was perceived by participants as a badge of honor and a culturally endorsed marker of identity. This tan pattern, often earned through extended time spent outdoors on the land, was associated with strength, resilience, and a connection to traditional practices such as hunting, fishing, or camping. In this way, visible sun exposure or tan/sunburn was not simply tolerated but valued, impacting clinical approaches to sun safety that define tanning primarily as a health risk.

Conclusions:

Sun protection beliefs among Inuit are deeply rooted in cultural identity and land-based practices. Evidence from this study will be used to advance culturally safe, health equity dermatologic care.