Comparing the Efficacy of Combined Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide With Topical Calcipotriol Versus Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide Monotherapy in Scalp and Beard Alopecia Areata: Results From a Randomized Single-Blinded Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background:

Intralesional (IL) steroids are the first-line treatment option for localized alopecia areata (AA). The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of topical calcipotriol with IL triamcinolone acetonide versus IL triamcinolone acetonide alone in AA.

Methods:

This randomized single-blinded clinical trial was conducted in a dermatology outpatient department. Both groups A and B received IL triamcinolone acetonide injections every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. Group A also received twice-daily topical calcipotriol. Follow-up was done every 4 weeks till 12 weeks. The primary outcome parameter was hair density assessment using a hair regrowth scale (RGS). Other parameters were the presence or absence of poor clinical response (less than 50% hair density), regrowth patterns, dermoscopy features, and adverse effects.

Results:

Seventy-three (179 patches) patients completed the study. RGS and patches with more than 50% terminal hair regrowth significantly improved in both the groups beginning in the fourth week and going forward (P-value: .001, .001). The two treatment groups exhibited no statistically significant difference in terminal hair density (P values: .930, .616, .178). However, subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant difference in scalp patches of group A compared to group B in the 12th week of the study (P = .018) but not in beard patches (P-value: .527). Group A exhibited more irritation with a reduced incidence of atrophy.

Conclusion:

The addition of topical calcipotriol to IL steroid showed increased efficacy in scalp patches of AA but not in beard patches. Also, the incidence of atrophy was lower in the combination group.