Preserving the left arm vein in cases of hemodialysis access generating left internal mammary artery steal syndrome

Abstract

In patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) through an arm arteriovenous fistula (AVF), coronary insufficiency can occur if the patient undergoes a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using the ipsilateral internal mammary artery (1–4). Therefore, the creation of a new AVF after CABG should avoid using the arm ipsilateral to the side where the internal thoracic artery was used. In cases where coronary syndrome appears when this advice is not followed, treatment should be offered aimed at overcoming the hemodynamic interference between the diminished coronary supply through the left or right internal mammary artery by closure of the existing fistula, with or without temporary central venous line insertion until the maturation of a new fistula. We suggest a different approach by moving only the arterial inflow site of the AVF to the controlateral subclavian artery, but in addition, leaving the well functioning venous outflow tract intact. In cases of left internal mammary steal it is achieved by creating a conduit running from the right subclavian artery to the left cephalic vein; therefore, creating a new arterial inflow source, connected to the existing functioning old venous outflow tract to maintain an immediately functioning new fistula without a coronary steal.