Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are the third most common nosocomial infections. Catheters and other medical devices are the first exogenous causes of preventable infections in hospital. The estimated attributable mortality for catheter-associated BSI ranges from 1–35%, mainly depending on etiological agents and underlying disease. In considering this, it is necessary to reduce central venous catheter- (CVC)-related BSI prevalence and to obtain a rapid and accurate method for an early diagnosis. This review indicates the advantages and the disadvantages of old and new tools for the early diagnosis of CVC-related BSIs.
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