SchillingerF.. Post-catheterisation vein stenosis in hemodialysis: Comparative angiographic study of 50 subclavian and 50 internal jugular access. Nephrol Dial Transplant1991; 6: 722–4.
2.
CimochowskyG.E., WorleyE.. Superiority of the internal jugular over the subclavian access for temporary dialysis. Nephron1990; 54(2): 154–61.
3.
TorosK., TorosR., ShermanA.A brief history of vascular access for hemodialysis: an unfinished story. Semin Nephrol1997; 3: 239–45.
4.
Bing-ShiLin, Chi-Woon. Anatomical variation of the internal jugular vein and its impact on temporary hemodialysis vascular access: an ultrasonographic survey in uraemic patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant1998; 13: 134–8.
5.
DenysB.G., UretzkyB.F.. Ultrasound-Assisted Cannulation of internal Jugular Vein. Circulation1995; 5.
6.
FarrelJ., GellensM.Ultrasound-guided cannulation versus the landmark-guided technique for acute haemodialysis access. Nephrol Dial Transplant1997; 12: 1234–7.
7.
LinB-S, HuangT-P, TangG-J, TarngD-C, KongC-W. Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internaljugular vein for dialysis vascular access in uremic patients. Nephron1998; 78: 423–5.
8.
GallieniM., CozzolinoM., BrancaccioD.Salvage of failed central venous access by ultrasound guidance. Angioaccess for hemodialysis. Tours, June 3–5, 1996; 193–8.
9.
GalliF., EfficaceE., VillaG.. Endocavitary electrocardiography (EC-ECG) in monitoring central venous cannulation for vascular access in hemodialysis [letter]. Nephrol Dial Transplant1993; 8(5): 480–1.
10.
DionisioP., ValentiM., BajardiP.Monitoring of central dual-lumen catheter placement in hemodialysis by endocavitary electrocardiography: a simple and safe tecnique for the clinical nephrologist. The Journal of Vascular Access102000; 3: 88–92.
11.
JassalS.V., PierratosA., RoscoeJ.M.Venous stenosis and thrombosis associated with the use of internal jugular vein catheters for hemodialysis. ASAIO J1999; 45(4): 356–9.
12.
XiangD.Z., VerbekenE.K., Van LommelA.T., StasM., De WeverI.Composition and formation of the sleeve enveloping a central venous catheter. J Vasc Surg1998; 28(2): 260–71.
13.
HaskalZ.J., LeenV.H.. Tansvenous removal of fibrin sheaths from tunneled hemodialysis catheters. JVIR1996; 7: 513–7.
14.
BernM.M., LockicJ.J.. Very Low Doses of Warfarin Can Prevent Thrombosis in Central Venous Catheters. Ann Intern Med1990; 112: 423–8.
15.
DittmerI.D.Clin Nephrol1999; 51(1): 34–9.
16.
ButurovicJ., PonikvarR.. Filling hemodialysis catheters in the interdialytic period: heparin versus citrate versus polygeline: a prospective randomized study. Artif Organs1998; 22: 945–7.
17.
TwardowskyZ.J.Percutaneous Blood Access for Hemodialysis. Seminars in Dialysis1995; 8–3: 175–86.
18.
BambauerR., MerstresP., PirrungK.J., SioshansiP.Scanning electron microscopic investigation of catheters for blood access. Artif Organs1994; 18(4): 272–5.
19.
RennerC.Polyurethanes vs. silicone. PICC catheters. JVAD1998; 16–20.
20.
CampisiC., CamillucciL., CampopianoA., FanizzaC., SardoniA.Groshong catheters: technical aspects and clinical features. The Journal of Vascular Access102000; 1: 36–9.
21.
BarendregtJ.N.M., TordoirJ.H.M., LeunissenK.M.L.Antithrombotic measures for indwelling intravenous haemodialysis catheters. Columbus’ egg yet to be found. Nephrol Dial Transplant1999; 14: 1834–5.
22.
PoweN.L.. Septicemia in dialysis patients: Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis. Kidney Int1999; 55: 1081–90.
23.
CanaudB.Haemodialysis catheter-related infection: time for action. Nephrol Dial Transplant1999; 14: 2288–90.
24.
BlotF., SchmidtE., NitembergG.. Earlier Positivity of Central-Venous versus Peripheral-Blood Cultures Is Highly Predictive of Catheter-Related Sepsis. J Clin Microbiol1998; 105–9.
25.
VercaigneL.M., SitarD.S.. Antibiotic-heparin lock: in vitro antibiotic stability combined with heparin in a central venous catheter. Pharmacotherapy102000; 20(4): 394–9.
26.
BastaniB., MintonJ., IslamS.Insufficient penetration of systemic vancomycin into the PermaCath lumen. Nephrol Dial Transplant102000; 15(7): 1035–7.
27.
SchwabS.J., BeathardG.The hemodialysis catheter conundrum: hate living with them, but can't live without them. Kidney Int1999; 56: 1–17.
