This article deals with the current theoretical trends in Philippine youth research.
It aims at: (1) providing a preliminary summary and assessment of existing
Philippine youth studies in terms of their theoretical underpinnings; (2) describing
the general theoretical trends in Philippine youth studies; and (3) suggesting some
useful recommendations for the future theoretical development in youth studies. The
discussion is set within the macro-structural trends shaping Filipino youth and the
historical relevance of youth studies in the life of the nation.
Abad, Ricardo
and
Eviota, Elizabeth
(1982)
‘Philippine Sociology in the Seventies: Trends and Prospects’
, Philippine Sociological Review30(1-4):
131-150
.
2.
Abinales, Patricio N.
(1984) The Left and the Philippine Student Movement:
Random Historical Notes on Party Politics and Sectoral Struggles.
Typescript.
Quezon City: Third World Studies Center,
University of the Philippines, Diliman
.
3.
Acuna, Alberto A.
(1960)
‘Youth Movement’
, Bansa4(1):
2-11
.
4.
Aguiling-Dalisay, Grace (1990) Mga Konsepto ng Kapayapaan ng mga Batang
Nalantad sa Armadong Tunggalian. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Quezon City:
Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines, Diliman.
5.
Alba, Manuel
(1971)
‘Youth: The New Dimensions in Filipino Values’
, Participant Journal2(3):
12-23
.
Andres, Tomas
,
Gaerlan, Josefina E.
and
Limpingco, Delia A.
(1974) Sex Education and Family Planning for Filipinos.
Quezon City: Ken Publications
.
8.
Antolihao, Lou A.
(1999)
‘Modernity and the Underdevelopment of Sociological Theory in the Philippines’
, Philippine Sociological Review47(1):
1-8
.
9.
Arellano-Carandang, M. Lourdes
,
Fernando, Priscilla G.
and
Sison, Aileen
(1999)
‘Pagkatao, Pagkababae at Pagkalalaki (How prostituted children
view themselves, their sexuality and their experience of prostitution)’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology32(1):
102-113
.
10.
Bacus, Irene P. (2000) Stress, Coping and Resilience among Rural
Disadvantaged Children: Focus on Students of a Boarding School in Mindanao.
Unpublished MA thesis. Quezon City: Department of Psychology, University of the
Philippines, Diliman.
11.
Batan, Clarence M.
(2000) Talim: Mga kwento ng sampung Kabataan(Talim: the
stories of ten youth).
Manila: Social Research Center, University of
Santo Tomas
.
12.
Bautista, M. Cynthia Rose
(1994)
‘Reflections on Philippine Sociology in the 1990s’
, Journal of Philippine Development21(1-2):
3-26
.
13.
Bautista, M. Cynthia Rose
(1998)
‘Sociology and Social Sciences in the Philippines: Developments
and Prospects’
, Philippine Sociological Review46(1-4):
66-75
.
14.
Bautista, M. Cynthia Rose
(2000)
‘The Social Sciences in the Philippines: Reflections on Trends
and Developments’
, Philippine Studies48(1-2):
175-207
.
15.
Bautista, M. Victoria
(2000)
‘Developing a Method for Understanding the Resiliency of Abused Children’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology32(1):
27-42
.
16.
Bautista, Rose M. J.
(n.d.) ‘Profile of the Youthful Offenders of Metro
Manila’, in
Rose M.J. Bautista
(ed.) Salute to the Youth, pp. 1-27.
Quezon City: University of the Philippines Law Complex
.
17.
Benagen, Ponciano
(1990) ‘The Indigenization and Asianization of
Anthropology’, in
Virgilio Enriquez
(ed.) Indigenous Psychology, pp. 23-34.
Quezon City: Akademya ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino
.
18.
Buenaventura, Luis Carmelo L. (2001) Computers in Education: Social and
Cultural Perspectives of Computers, Internet, and Email in Two Exclusive Schools.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Quezon City: Department of Anthropology,
University of the Philippines, Diliman.
19.
Bureau of Women and Minors
(1984) Sectoral Study on Labor and Employment.
Manila: Bureau of Women and Minors
.
20.
Carlota, Salvador T.
and
Carlota, Anna Daisy J.
(1983) Legal and Psychological Perspectives on Philippine
Juvenile Delinquency.
Quezon City: University of the Philippines Law Center
.
21.
Casillan-Garcia, Fe
(1999)
‘Polydrug Use among Street Children: Development of Drug-taking Microculture’
, Philippine Health Education Journal17(1):
11-39
.
22.
Castillo, Gelia T.
,
Arboleda, Dionisia M.
,
Domingo, Lorna P.
, and
Lasap, Virginia M.
(1975). Alternatives for Rural Youth: Three Village-level
Case Studies in the Philippines: A Summary Report.
Los Banos, Philippines: Department of
Agricultural Education, College of Agriculture, University of the
Philippines, Los Banos
.
23.
Child and Youth Research Center
(1971)
‘The Political Maturity of Filipino Youths, Aged 18’
, Philippine Journal of Child-Youth Development5(2):
12-28
.
24.
Child and Youth Research Center
(1981)
‘The Values of Adolescent Filipino Students’
, Philippine Journal of Child-Youth Development10(1):
1-36
.
25.
Child and Youth Research Center
(1984) The Filipino Youth: A Profile.
Manila: Child and Youth Research Center
.
26.
Covar, Prospero
(1993) Kaalamang Bayang Dalumat ng Pagkataong Pilipino.
Manila: Dr. Jose Cuyegkeng Memorial Library and
Information Center
.
27.
Dano-Santiago, Corazon
(1972) A Century of Activism.
Manila: Rex Bookstore
.
28.
David, Randolf
(1998)
‘Sociology in the Postmodern World’
, Philippine Sociological Review46(1-2):
76-84
.
29.
David, Randolf
(2000) Reflections on Sociology and Philippine Society.
Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press
.
30.
David, Rina Jimenez
(1999) ‘A Cure for Daliris
Kalyosis’, Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2 September.
31.
De Guzman, P.E.
,
Lingao, A.L.
,
Tan, R.H.
,
Donato, D.S.
and
Cuaderno, F.C.
(1974)
‘Dietary Patterns and Eating Habits of Public High School
Students: The Relation to Socio-economic Status’
, Philippine Journal of Nutrition27(1):
1-10
.
32.
Del Rosario, Rosario
(1994)
‘The Urgent Need for a Gender Analysis of Child Labor’
, Review of Women’s Studies3(2):
12-23
.
33.
Del Rosario, Rosario
(1996)
‘Child Labor in the Home: The Invisible Problem’
, Human Rights Forum5(2):
1-10
.
34.
De Ocampo, Felix R. Jr. (2001) Determinants and Consequences of Child Labor
in the Philippines: Evidence from 1995 Survey of Children 5-7 years old. Unpublished
MA thesis.
35.
Quezon City: Population Institute, University
of the Philippines, Diliman
.
De Seguerra, Vani
(2001)
‘Understanding the Tribe’
, Philippine Starweek15(22):
12-12
.
36.
De Vera, Vicente (1971) The Political Implications of the Student Movement in
the Philippines. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Manila: Graduate Study,
University of Santo Tomas.
37.
Dizon, Edilbertto
(1988)
‘Servicing Children on the Streets: Psychoeducational Priorities
and Alternatives’
, Educational Quarterly35(1-2):
12-26
.
38.
Du-Lagrosa, Milagros E.
(1986)
‘Some Family-related Factors and Personality Variables Affecting
the Adjustment of Father-absent Adolescents’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology19(1):
23-34
.
39.
Eisenstadt, Shamuel
(1956) From Generation to Generation.
London: Free Press
.
40.
Enriquez, Virgilio G.
(1990) ‘Cross-indigenous Methods and
Perspectives’, in
Virgilio Enriquez
(ed.) Indigenous Psychology: A Book of Readings, pp.
57-64.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii
.
41.
Episcopal Commission on Youth/Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the
Philippines (2002) The National Filipino Catholic Youth
Survey.
Instramuros, Manila: Episcopal Commission on
Youth/Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines
.
42.
Flores, Federico R. (1978) Employment Status, Occupational Aspirations and
Training Needs of Rural Out-of-school Youths in Southern Leyte. Unpublished MA
thesis. College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, Los Banos.
43.
Gomez, Fausto
,
Pedro, Amor
,
Romero, Reynaldo
,
Ruivivar, Salvaion
and
Tec, Evelyn
(1986) The Filipino Youth.
Manila: UST Social Research Center
.
44.
Gonzales-Fernando, Prescilla
(2000)
‘Pagkatao, Pagkababae, at Sekswalidad (Self-concept, Women, and
Sexuality): A Phenomenological Study of the Inner World of the Girl Child Prostitute’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology33(1):
67-91
.
45.
Hall, Stuart
and
Jefferson, Tony
(1976) Resistance Through Rituals.
London: Hutchison
.
46.
Hollsteiner, Mary
(1969) ‘The Philippine Cultural Context, Social
Problems, and Youth’, in Youth’s Positive Role
in National Development, pp. 12-25.
Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University
.
47.
Intengan-Feliciano, M. Remedios (1994) The Impact of the Employment of
Filipino Contract Overseas Workers on Filipino Family Values: An Analysis.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Manila: Graduate Study, University of Santo Tomas.
48.
Jocano, F. Landa
(1968) The Traditional World of Malitbog: A Study of
Community Development and Culture Change in a Philippine Barrio.
Quezon City: Community Development Research Center
.
49.
Jocano, F. Landa
(1972) Cultural Changes in Relation to a Sustained
Countryside Family Planning Programme.
Malaysia: Standard Engraver and Printing
.
50.
Kanjanapan, Wilawan
(1986) Youth Profile: Thailand.
Bangkok: UNESCO Regional Office for Education
in Asia and the Pacific
.
51.
Laguisma-Sison, Beatrix Aillen
(2000)
‘The Inner World of the Boy-Child Prostitute: A Phenomenological
and In-depth Clinical Study’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology33(1):
42-66
.
52.
Lamug, Corazon
(1998) ‘Towards a Filipino Sociological
Imagination’, in
Virginia Miralao
(ed.) The Philippine Social Sciences in the Life of the Nation, Vol. 1:
The History and Development of Social Science Development in the
Philippines, pp. 1-23.
Quezon City: Philippine Social Science Council, Inc.
53.
Lanuza, Gerry
(2000) A Derived Model of Structuration of Youth
Culture.
Quezon City: College of Social Sciences and
Philosophy, Office of Publications
.
54.
Lanuza, Gerry
(2001)
‘Youth Culture and Globalization’
, Social Science Diliman1(1):
1-34
.
55.
Lanuza, Gerry
(2003) The State of Filipino Youth and Philippine Youth
Study.
Quezon City: Philippine Social Science Council, Inc.
56.
Lanuza, Gerry
(2004) ‘Ang Papel ng Pilosopiya sa Pagbuo ng
Teoryang Panlipunan (The role of philosophy in theory-construction in social
theory)’, Daluyan (in press).
57.
Lanuza, Gerry
and
Puyat, Joseph
(2003) Summary Report of the Papers Presented to the Fifth
National Social Science Congress, 15 to 17 May 2003.
Quezon City: Philippine Social Science Council, Inc.
58.
Liwag, M. Concepcion
,
de la Cruz, Alma
and
Macapagal, M. Elizabeth
(1999) How We Raise Our Daughters and Sons: Child-rearing and
Gender Socialization in the Philippines.
Quezon City: UNICEF
.
59.
Liwag, M. Concepcion
,
de la Cruz, Alma
and
Macapagal, M. Elizabeth
(2002)
‘How Do We Raise Our Daughters and Sons: Child-rearing and Gender
Socialization in the Philippines’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology35(1-2):
12-35
.
60.
McCann Erickson
(1994)
‘The McCann Erickson Youth Study: The Portrait of a Filipino as a Youth’
, The Youth Journal1(1):
12-12
.
61.
Marcelino, Elizabeth
(1989)
‘Psychosocial Help to Children-victims of Political Violence:
Children’s Rehabilitation Center’
, Education Quarterly23(1-2).
62.
Marcelino-Protacio, Elizabeth (1985) Pag-angkop sa kagipitan at ligalig:
Isang panimulang pagaaral sa kaso ng mga anak ng mga bilanggong pulitikal.
Unpublished MA thesis. Quezon City: Department of Psychology, University of the
Philippines, Diliman.
63.
Marcelino-Protacio, Elizabeth (1996) Identidad at Etnisida: Karanasan at
Pananaw ng mga Estudyanteng Pilipino-Americano sa California (Identity and
Ethnicity: Experience and Worldview of Filipino-American Students in California).
Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Quezon City: University of the Philippines, Diliman.
64.
Marcelino-Protacio, Elizabeth
,
de la Cruz, M. Teresa
,
Camacho, Agnes Zenaida V.
and
Balanon, Faye A.G.
(2000) Torture of Children: The Philippine Experience.
Quezon City: University of the Philippines
Center for Integrative Studies
.
65.
Martin, Edwin S. (1995) Youth Empowerment towards National Development: An
Assessment of Five Selected Government Youth Agencies. Unpublished MA thesis.
Manila: Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas.
66.
Maslang, Evelyn V.
(1991) Working and Non-working Children: Personal, Familial
and Community Characteristics.
Quezon City: University of the Philippines
Office of Research Coordination
.
67.
Mendez, P.
and
Jocano, Landa F.
(1979) The Filipino Adolescent in Rural and Urban Setting: A
Study in Education and Culture.
Manila: Centro Escolar University
.
68.
Mills, Charles. W.
(1959) The Sociological Imagination.
New York: Oxford University Press
.
69.
Molina, Alicia
(2001) ‘Towards the Development of a Treatment
Approach for Children Victims of Incest’, in
Carolyn Sobritchea
(ed.) Gender Violence: Its Socio-cultural Dimensions, pp.
139-170.
Quezon City: University of the Philippines
Center for Women’s Studies
.
70.
Montiel, Cristina J.
(1991)
‘Factor Analysis of Ideological and Generational Differences in
Value Orientation among Filipino Student Activists’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology24(1):
12-18
.
71.
National Coordinating Center for the Study and Development of Philippine
Children and Youth
(1967) Facts about Juvenile Delinquency.
Quezon City: National Coordinating Center for
the Study and Development of Philippine Children and Youth
.
72.
National Youth Commission, Philippines
(1998a) Philippine Medium Term Youth Development, 1994-2004.
Manila: National Youth Commission, Philippines
.
73.
National Youth Commission, Philippines
(1998b) Situation of the Youth in the Philippines.
Manila: National Youth Commission, Philippines
.
74.
Nery, Lamberto C.
(1979)
‘The Covert Subculture of Male Homosexual Prostitutes in Metro-Manila’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology12(1):
27-34
.
75.
Netherlands-Israel Research Development Programme
(2002) The Study on the Consequences of International
Contract Labor Migration of Filipino Parents on their Children.
Unpublished Report.
Quezon City: Department of Sociology,
University of the Philippines; Department of Psychology University of the
Philippines; Friends of Migrant Filipino Workers, Inc. (KAIBIGAN); Tel Aviv
University (Institute for Social Research and Department of Sociology)
.
76.
Noblejas, Piedad L.
(1960) The Modern Filipino Youth Problem and its
Solution.
Manila: University of Sto. Tomas
.
77.
Paterno, R.A.P.
(1967) ‘The Role of Youth in Social and Economic
Development’, in South-East Asia Treaty Organization,
pp. 60-68.
Manila: South-East Asia Treaty Organization
.
78.
Pe-Pua, Rogelia
(ed.) (1982) Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teorya, Metodo at
Gamit(Filipino Psychology: Theory, Method and Application).
Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press
.
79.
Perez, Aurora
(1999)
‘Policy Issues on Adolescent Sexuality in the Philippines’
, Policy Digest3(3):
23-24
.
80.
Pertierra, Raul
(1998)
‘The Future of Sociology and the Sociology of the Future’
, Philippine Sociological Review46(1-2):
10-22
.
81.
Pertierra, Raul
(1995) Philippine Localities and Global Perspectives.
Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press
.
82.
Pertierra, Raul
,
Ugarte, Eduardo
,
Pingol, Alicia
,
Hernandez, Joel
and
Dacanay, Nikos Lexis
(2000) Txt-ing Selves: Cellphones and Philippine
Modernity.
Manila: de la Salle University Press
.
83.
Pingol, Alicia T.
(2001) Remaking Masculinities: Identity, Power, and Gender
Dynamics in Families with Migrant Wives and Households.
Quezon City: University of the Philippines
Center for Women’s Studies
.
84.
Puente, M.
,
Kathleen Bernadette N.
(2000)
‘Re-visiting the Children of Smokey Mountain: The Past Still
Speaks for the Present’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology33(1):
111-145
.
85.
Ramos, Fritzie Franchette
and
Savella, Maricar Gay
(2001) ‘Student
Prostitution’, in
Carolyn Sobritchea
(ed.) Gender Violence: Its Socio-cultural Dimensions, pp.
56-78.
Quezon City: University of the Philippines
Center for Women’s Studies
.
86.
Raymundo, Corazon
,
Xenos, Peter
and
Domingo, Lita
(eds) (1999) Adolescent Sexuality in the Philippines.
Quezon City: University of the Philippines
Office for Research and Coordination, UP-Population Institute, and East-West
Center for Population and Health Studies
.
87.
Recana, Jaime R. (1973) Student Activism and Implications for Academic
Governance in Bicol University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Michigan: Western
Michigan University.
88.
Rosales, Cornelia A.
(2000).
‘Makasalanan o Kapus-palad: A Phenomenological Study of Children
in Conflict with the Law’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology33(1):
13-28
.
89.
Ruiz, V. (1930) Status of Working Children in Manila: A Study of Work, Wages,
Educational Achievement and Home Conditions of Working Children in Manila.
Unpublished MA thesis. Quezon City: College of Education, University of the
Philippines, Diliman.
90.
Salonga, Jovito
(2002)
‘The Educated Youth, the Ouster and Persecution of Erap and the
Problem of Poverty’
, Kilosbayan8(11):
1-4
.
91.
Sicat, Loeretta M. (1972) The Political Attitudes of Young Filipinos: A Study
of Political Socialization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Quezon City:
Department of Political Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman.
92.
Sobritchea, Carolyn, I.
(1990) ‘Gender Inequality and its Supporting
Ideologies in Philippine Society’, in
L. Bautista
and
E. Rifareal
(eds) And She Said No! Human Rights, Women’s Identities and
Struggles, pp. 8-17.
Caloocan City: National Council of Churches in
the Philippines
.
93.
Strauss, A.
and
Corbin, J.
(1990) Basics of Qualitative Research.
London: Sage
.
94.
Talledo, Tomasito (1993) Philippine Sociology in the Nineteen Nineties: A
Review. Unpublished MA Thesis. Quezon City: Department of Sociology, University of
the Philippines, Diliman.
95.
Tan, Allen L.
(1997)
‘Values Research in the Philippines’
, Philippine Studies45(3):
560-569
.
96.
Tan, Michael
(1988) Sex and Sexuality. Policy Research
Briefs, Series 1988-2.
Diliman, Quezon City: University of the
Philippines Center for Women’s Studies, United Nations Development
Fund, and Women’s Health Research Consortium Project
.
97.
Tan, Michael
,
Batangan, M. Theresa Ujano
and
Espanola, Henrietta Cabada
(2001) Love and Desire:Young Filipinos and Sexual
Risks.
Quezon City: University of the Philippines
Center for Women’s Studies
.
98.
The Philippine Star (2002) ‘Pre-paid
Internet Fuels Net Use in the Philippines’, 2 September, URL
(consulted May 2004): http://www.nua.com/surveys/index.cgi?f=VS&art_id=905358331&rel=true.
99.
Tiangco, Joseph
,
Anthony Narciso Z.
(2001)
‘Deconstruction and Psychology: Understanding the Context of
Power, Ambiguity, and Impermanence of Knowledge and its Pedagogical Implications’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology34(1):
1-34
.
100.
Tidalgo, Rosa Linda P.
and
Teodosio, Virginia A.
(1981) Youth Employment in the Philippines. Discussion
Paper No. 8105.
Quezon City: School of Economics, University of
the Philippines, Diliman
.
101.
Toral, Jannette
(2003) ‘State of Wireless Technologies in the
Philippines’, URL (consulted March 2004): http://www.digitalfilipino.com/softtech_article.cfm?id=31.
102.
Torres, Amaryllis T.
(2000)
‘Methods, Mind or Meaning: Shifting Paradigms in Philippine Psychology’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology30(1):
17-37
.
103.
Torres, Amaryllis T.
(2002) Love in the Time of Ina Morata: Explorations into
Gender Constructions of Sexuality and Reproductive Roles.
Quezon City: University of the Philippines
Center for Women’s Studies
.
104.
Trivino, M.
,
Luise P.
(2000)
‘Minding the Minds of the Sexually Abused Street Children: A Look
into their Cognitive Functioning’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology33(1):
146-165
.
105.
Tuano, Randy
(1994)
‘The Decline of Student Activism’
, Intersect8(5):
7-7
.
106.
Ty, Reynaldo R.
(1997) Megatrends, Power Shifts, Paradigm Shifts: Towards the
Construction of New Cosmologies. Professorial Chair Paper, Series
1997.
Quezon City: College of Social Sciences and
Philosophy, Office of Publications, University of the Philippines, Diliman
.
107.
UNFPA
(2002) ‘Summary Report: The State of World
Population 2003’, URL (consulted March 2004): http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2003/pdf/english/swp03summary_eng.pdf.
108.
University of Santo Tomas Social Research Center
(1980) Religion and the Filipino Youth. Social Research
Center Occasional Papers No. 1.
Manila: UST Printing Press
.
109.
Ventura, Elizabeth E.
(1981)
‘An Overview of Child Psychology in the Philippines’
, Philippine Journal of Psychology14(1-2):
3-7
.
110.
Xenos, Peter
and
Raymundo, Corazon
(1999) ‘The Modern Profile of the Filipino
Youth’, in
C. Raymundo
,
P. Xenos
, and
L. Domingo
(eds) Adolescent Sexuality in the Philippines, pp.
1-12.
Quezon City: University of the
Philippines-Office for Research and Coordination, UP-Population Institute,
and East-West Center for Population and Health Studies
.