Association Between Components of Exudates and Periwound Moisture-Associated Dermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients With Malignant Fungating Wounds

Abstract

Excessive wound exudates are troublesome symptoms of malignant fungating wounds. In particular, such exudates may cause periwound moisture-associated dermatitis (MAD). In this study, we focused on factors that contribute to skin irritation by exudates in breast cancer patients with malignant fungating wounds. Our aim was to identify the relationship between MAD surrounding malignant fungating wounds and levels of various candidate irritating factors in their exudates. We recruited 20 breast cancer patients with exudates from malignant fungating wounds and collected three types of exudate samples: pooled exudate, swab, and fresh exudate samples. We measured the pH, concentrations of polyamines (putrescine [PUT], cadaverine [CAD], spermidine, and spermine), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) in the exudates and cultured them for bacteria. Differences between participants with and without MAD were assessed using Fisher’s exact test or the Mann–Whitney U test. Of the 20 participants, 14 had MAD. There were no significant differences in median pH and MMP activity between patients with and without MAD. The level of PUT was significantly higher in the MAD than in the non-MAD group (p = .008), and CAD was detected only in the MAD group (p = .016). Prospective studies are needed to clarify correlations and causal relationships between polyamines and erythema and identify therapeutic targets for preventing the development of MAD.